Biology Part. 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

A description of membrane structure, depicting a cellular membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer made of phospholipid molecules.

A

Fluid Mosaic

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1
Q

The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

A

First Law of Thermodynamics

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2
Q

Thermal energy; the amount of energy associated with the movement of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form.

A

Heat

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3
Q

Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water.

A

Hypertonic Solution

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4
Q

Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water.

A

Hypotonic Solution

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5
Q

The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme, induced by entry of the substrate so that it binds more snugly to the substrate.

A

Induced Fit

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6
Q

A solution having the same solute concentration as another solution, thus having no effect on passage of water in or out of the cell.

A

Isotonic Solution

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7
Q

The energy of motion; the energy of a mass of matter that is moving. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.

A

Kinetic Energy

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8
Q

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions.

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

A substance that impedes the activity of an enzyme without entering an active site. By binding elsewhere on the enzyme, a noncompetitive inhibitor changes the shape of the enzyme so that the active site no longer functions.

A

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

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10
Q

Method by which organisms regulate solute concentrations and balance the gain and loss of wate

A

Osmoregulation

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11
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane, without any input of energy.

A

Passive Transport

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13
Q

Cellular “eating”; a type of endocytosis whereby a cell engulfs macromolecules, other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.

A

Phagocytosis

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14
Q

The transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other molecules by phosphorylation.

A

Phosphorylation

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15
Q

Cellular “drinking”; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles.

A

Pinocytosis

16
Q

The energy that matter possesses because of its location or arrangement. Water behind a dam and chemical bonds possess potential energy.

A

Potential Energy

17
Q

The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles. The vesicles contain proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in.

A

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

18
Q

The principle whereby every energy conversion reduces the order of the universe, increasing its entropy. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat.

A

Second Law of Thermodynamics

19
Q

A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others and blocks the passage of other substances altogether.

A

Selective Permeability

20
Q

1) A specific substance (reactant) on which an enzyme acts. Each enzyme recognizes only the specific substrate or substrates of the reaction it catalyzes. (2) A surface in or on which an organism lives.

A

Substrate

21
Q

The study of energy transformation that occurs in a collection of matter.

A

Thermodynamics

22
Q

The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water.

A

Tonicity