Chapter 8 - Nervous System II (PNS & CNS) Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatic Nervous System Definition

A

Part of the PNS that controls VOLUNTARY functions

*Movement and controls skeletal muscles

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2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Definition

A

Part of the PNS that controls INVOLUNTARY functions

*Controls cardiac and smooth muscles, and glands

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3
Q

Voluntary Definiton

A
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4
Q

Involuntary Definition

A
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5
Q

Reflex Arc Definition

A

Pathway consisting of sensory receptors, sensory neuron, interneurons, a motor neuron and an effector muscle

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6
Q

White Matter Definition

A

Is myelinated axons

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7
Q

Grey Matter Definition

A

Mainly cell bodies and non-myelinated axons

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Division Definition

A

Rest and digest

*Part of the Autonomic Nervous System

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9
Q

Sympathetic Division Definition

A

Stimulatory stress responses
(fight or flight responses)

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10
Q

Parasympathetic - Rest and Digest Responses
(8)

A

 Constricts eye pupils
 Stimulate salivation
 Slows heart rate
 Constricts breathing
 Dilates blood vessels
 Stimulates digestion
 Constricts bladder sphincter muscles
 Stimulates sex organs

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11
Q

Sympathetic - Fight or Flight Responses

A

 dilates eye pupils
 Inhibits salivation
 Accelerates heart rate
 Facilitates breathing
 Stimulates secretion of epinephrine and
norepinephrine
 Stimulates release of free glucose
 Inhibits digestion
 Relaxes bladder sphincter muscles
 Inhibits sex organs

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12
Q

Protection of CNS

A
  1. Bone (skull and vertebral column)
  2. Meninges
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid
  4. Blood-Brain barrier
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13
Q

Meningitis Definition

A

Inflammation of the meninges

*Caused by many forms of bacteria , viruses and fungi

*Can lead to ENCEPHALITIS, an inflammation of the brain

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14
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Functions
(3)

A
  1. Shock absorption
  2. Support the weight of the brain
  3. Nourishment and waste removal
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15
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier Definition

A

Permits certain substances to enter the brain, while inhibiting others from entering

*Inhibits many drugs that are POLAR from reaching brain tissue,

allows LIPID SOLUBLE molecules to pass

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16
Q

Brain Definition

A

Is the control center

CEREBRAL CORTEX and CEREBRUM is the thinking, conscious part of the brain

17
Q

Cerebrum Definition

A

Functions as the sensory area for touch, hearing, vision, smell

*As well as areas for interpreting sensations, language, thinking, decision-making, self-awareness, creativity, and storing memories

18
Q

Cerebral Cortex Definition

A

The thin outer layer of the CEREBRUM, where most of the higher thinking and processing takes place

*Contains :
- Sensory areas
- Motor areas
-Responsible for decision making
-Folding increases surface area by about 3x

19
Q

Hippocampus Definition

A

Important in long term memory

20
Q

Hippocampus Definition

A

Important in long term memory

21
Q

Amygdala Definition

A

Important in remembering fear and responding to it

22
Q

Thalamus Definition

A

Processes sensory information (except smell) and relays it to other areas of the brain

23
Q

Cerebellum Definition

A

Maintains balance and coordination, refines motor skills, and new motor skills

(Ex. playing piano)

24
Q

Medulla Oblongata Definition

A

Controls many vital involuntary functions, including breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure

(Part of the brain stem)

25
Q

Pons Definition

A

Functions:
-Assists medulla oblongata to control involuntary breathing
-Relays messages FROM the spinal cord

26
Q

Midbrain Definition

A

Functions:
-Important in VOLUNTARY muscle control
- Relays information FROM the spinal cord
-Controls eye movement

27
Q

Types of glands

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal glands are part of the brain