Chapter 8 - Nervous System II (PNS & CNS)

Question 1

Somatic Nervous System Definition

Answer 1

Part of the PNS that controls VOLUNTARY functions

*Movement and controls skeletal muscles

Question 2

Autonomic Nervous System Definition

Answer 2

Part of the PNS that controls INVOLUNTARY functions

*Controls cardiac and smooth muscles, and glands

Question 3

Voluntary Definiton

Question 4

Involuntary Definition

Question 5

Reflex Arc Definition

Answer 5

Pathway consisting of sensory receptors, sensory neuron, interneurons, a motor neuron and an effector muscle

Question 6

White Matter Definition

Answer 6

Is myelinated axons

Question 7

Grey Matter Definition

Answer 7

Mainly cell bodies and non-myelinated axons

Question 8

Parasympathetic Division Definition

Answer 8

Rest and digest

*Part of the Autonomic Nervous System

Question 9

Sympathetic Division Definition

Answer 9

Stimulatory stress responses
(fight or flight responses)

Question 10

Parasympathetic - Rest and Digest Responses
(8)

Answer 10

 Constricts eye pupils
 Stimulate salivation
 Slows heart rate
 Constricts breathing
 Dilates blood vessels
 Stimulates digestion
 Constricts bladder sphincter muscles
 Stimulates sex organs

Question 11

Sympathetic - Fight or Flight Responses

Answer 11

 dilates eye pupils
 Inhibits salivation
 Accelerates heart rate
 Facilitates breathing
 Stimulates secretion of epinephrine and
norepinephrine
 Stimulates release of free glucose
 Inhibits digestion
 Relaxes bladder sphincter muscles
 Inhibits sex organs

Question 12

Protection of CNS

Answer 12

1. Bone (skull and vertebral column)
2. Meninges
3. Cerebrospinal fluid
4. Blood-Brain barrier

Question 13

Meningitis Definition

Answer 13

Inflammation of the meninges

*Caused by many forms of bacteria , viruses and fungi

*Can lead to ENCEPHALITIS, an inflammation of the brain

Question 14

Cerebrospinal Fluid Functions
(3)

Answer 14

1. Shock absorption
2. Support the weight of the brain
3. Nourishment and waste removal

Question 15

Blood-Brain Barrier Definition

Answer 15

Permits certain substances to enter the brain, while inhibiting others from entering

*Inhibits many drugs that are POLAR from reaching brain tissue,

allows LIPID SOLUBLE molecules to pass

Question 16

Brain Definition

Answer 16

Is the control center

CEREBRAL CORTEX and CEREBRUM is the thinking, conscious part of the brain

Question 17

Cerebrum Definition

Answer 17

Functions as the sensory area for touch, hearing, vision, smell

*As well as areas for interpreting sensations, language, thinking, decision-making, self-awareness, creativity, and storing memories

Question 18

Cerebral Cortex Definition

Answer 18

The thin outer layer of the CEREBRUM, where most of the higher thinking and processing takes place

*Contains :
- Sensory areas
- Motor areas
-Responsible for decision making
-Folding increases surface area by about 3x

Question 19

Hippocampus Definition

Answer 19

Important in long term memory

Question 20

Hippocampus Definition

Answer 20

Important in long term memory

Question 21

Amygdala Definition

Answer 21

Important in remembering fear and responding to it

Question 22

Thalamus Definition

Answer 22

Processes sensory information (except smell) and relays it to other areas of the brain

Question 23

Cerebellum Definition

Answer 23

Maintains balance and coordination, refines motor skills, and new motor skills

(Ex. playing piano)

Question 24

Medulla Oblongata Definition

Answer 24

Controls many vital involuntary functions, including breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure

(Part of the brain stem)

Question 25

Pons Definition

Answer 25

Functions:
-Assists medulla oblongata to control involuntary breathing
-Relays messages FROM the spinal cord

Question 26

Midbrain Definition

Answer 26

Functions:
-Important in VOLUNTARY muscle control
- Relays information FROM the spinal cord
-Controls eye movement

Question 27

Types of glands

Answer 27

Hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal glands are part of the brain