Chapter 10 - Endocrine System Flashcards

Question

Answer 1

It releases hormones which travel through the body (usually the blood stream) to target cells

Answer 2

Similar : Endocrine system and Nervous system both are controlled by NEGATIVE FEEDBACK Different: Work together to maintain homeostasis but Neurotransmitters : Located in nerve synapse Quick to act Taken away quickly Hormones: Distribute throughout the body in blood stream Slow to act Remain longer in the body

Answer 3

Water soluble (hydrophilic) & Lipid Soluble (hydrophobic)

Answer 4

single amino acid (epinephrine) polypeptides {chain of amino acids}- human growth hormone

Answer 5

 Pituitary  Thyroid  Parathyroid  Adrenals  Pineal  Hypothalamus  Thymus Pancreas Ovaries Testes  Heart  Placenta  Stomach  Intestines  Kidneys

Answer 6

Regulates internal enviornment through AUTONOMIC nervous system Function:

Answer 7

Regulates internal enviornment through AUTONOMIC nervous system AND controls glandular secretions of the PITUITARY GLAND Function: * Helps control heartbeat. * Helps control body temperature. * Helps control water balance. Produces: 1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 2. Oxytocin 3. Hormones that control the pituitary (Hypothalamic-releasing and hypothalamic- inhibiting Hormones

Answer 8

Function: * Regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys (H2O is returned to the bloodstream). Target: Kidneys

Answer 9

Function: stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and milk release (ejecting milk from the glands). Target: Uterus and mammary glands Pitocin: Synthetic form or OT, given to induce labor

Answer 10

Hormones control when the anterior pituitary gland releases its hormones

Answer 11

The gland produces : 1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 3. Gonadotropic hormones – (FSH and LH) 4. Prolactin (PRL) 5. Growth hormone (GH) Releases the hormones it has produces after receiving from the hypothalamus

Answer 12

Receives ADH and Oxytocin from HYPOTHALAMUS, storing hormones and releasing them

Answer 13

Function: stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine. TSH is produced by the Anterior Pituitary Target: Thyroid gland

Answer 14

Function: stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. ACTH is produced by the Anterior Pituitary Target: adrenal cortex

Answer 15

Stimulate the gonads to produce gametes and hormones -FSH -LH

Answer 16

Stimulates gamete development in males and females

Answer 17

Stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone in females and testosterone in males

Answer 18

Function: causes mammary glands to develop and produce milk. PRL is produced by the Anterior Pituitary Target: Mammary glands

Answer 19

Function: causes mammary glands to develop and produce milk. PRL is produced by the Anterior Pituitary Target: Mammary glands

Answer 20

Function: promotes skeletal and muscular growth. GH is produced by the Anterior Pituitary Target: Bones, muscles, and cartilage

Answer 21

Large gland located below the larynx Requires iodine to make hormones Produces: 1. Thyroid Hormones: Example: Thyroxine 2. Calcitonin – calcium regulation

Answer 22

Regulates calcium levels in bone and blood Lowers blood calcium level by putting calcium into bone and telling the kidneys to release more calcium into the urine Target: Bone and kidneys

Answer 23

Regulates metabolism by stimulating protein synthesis, breakdown of lipids, and use of glucose for the production of ATP Target: Most cells in the body

Answer 24

Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH) PTH increases blood calcium levels by: -Removing calcium from the bone -Increasing calcium absorption from intestines -Decreasing the calcium excreted from the kidneys Target: bone, kidney, intestine

Answer 25

Sit on top of the kidneys Two parts : Adrenal medulla Adrenal cortex

Answer 26

Controlled by nerves from hypothalamus

Answer 27

Controlled by ACTH (hormone) secreted by anterior pituitary gland

Answer 28

Prepares body for quick action "fight or flight"/short-term response to stress Effects: Increases blood pressure, increases heart rate, and increases blood glucose levels

Answer 29

Example:aldosterone Reabsorption of water by kidneys, reducing amount of water released in urine Increases blood pressure Target: Kidneys

Answer 30

Example: Cortisol Affects glucose homeostasis Acts on the LIVER to promote the conversion of fat and protein into intermediate substances to the body cells Inhibit the inflammatory response Aids in allowing us to survive stress

Answer 31

Raises blood glucose levels of the blood Target: Liver - by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose and to form glucose from lactic acid

Answer 32

Lowers blood glucose levels of the blood Stimulates transport of glucose into muscle cells, white blood cells, and connective tissue cells Liver: inhibits breakdown of glycogen to glucose Prevents conversion of amino and fatty acids into glucose

Answer 33

Stimulates formation of triglycerides from glucose

Answer 34

-During development, testosterone is stimulates growth of male reproductive organs - Responsible for male secondary sex characteristics. - Prompts larynx & vocal cords to enlarge. - Responsible for muscular strength of males. - Promotes sperm production

Answer 35

Effects: - During development, stimulates growth of female reproductive organs - Responsible for secondary sex characteristics. - Necessary for egg maturation. - Regulates ovarian and uterine cycles

Answer 36

Located in the brain. -Secretes the hormone: melatonin - Involved in our daily sleep-wake cycle. (circadian rhythms) - Regulates sexual development. - May play a role SAD – seasonal affect disorde

Answer 37

Erythropoietin – stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells Renin – through a series of reactions, stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone which increase blood pressure