Chapter 12 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Lumen Definition

A

the inside of the vessels, Blood vessels lined with epithelial cells

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2
Q

Vasoconstriction Definition

A

When muscle contracts and the diameter of
the lumen narrows, reducing blood flow

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3
Q

Vasodilation Definition

A

When muscle relaxes and the diameter of
the lumen increases, increasing blood flow

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4
Q

Osmotic Pressure Definition

A

Draws fluid back into the vessel from the tissue

(at the venous end)

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5
Q

Blood pressure Definition

A

Force fluid out of the capillary and into the tissue

(at the arterial end)

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6
Q

Septum Definition

A

Separates right and left sides of the heart

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7
Q

Capillaries Definition

A

Arterioles break down into small vessels

It is here that components (O2, CO2,
nutrients, waste) can pass from the blood
vessels to other tissues

*Capillaries do not have a smooth muscle
layer

The RBCs stay in the blood vessels but the
oxygen leaves the RBCs and the capillaries
and goes into the tissues.

The oxygen leaves the capillaries because
there is a gradient – there is more oxygen in
the capillaries than in the tissues.

  • Blood flow in capillaries is slow.
  • This is important because it allows time

for the exchange of substances between
the blood and surrounding tissues

smallest vessels

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8
Q

Arteries Definition

A

Always carry blood away from the
heart and usually carry O2-rich blood

Smallest arteries

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9
Q

Veins Definition

A

Always returns blood to the heart
and usually carry O2-poor blood

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10
Q

Arteriole Definition

A

There are sphincter muscles that contract
to reduce blood flow to the capillaries
or they dilate to increase blood flow to the
capillaries

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11
Q

Venule Definition

A

Take CO2, water, and wastes away from
the tissues. Forming together to form veins

Smallest veins

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12
Q

Vena Cava Definition

A

Largest veins in the body

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13
Q

Aorta Definition

A

Largest artery

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14
Q

Pericardium Definition

A

Thick membranous sac surrounding the heart (secretes serous fluid)

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15
Q

Myocardium Definition

A

consists of cardiac muscle tissue, which contracts to pump blood

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16
Q

Endocardium Definition

A

The interior of the heart is lined

17
Q

Cardiac Cycle Definition

A
18
Q

Systole Definition

A

when ventricles contract and pump
blood out of the heart.

19
Q

Diastole Definition

A

when ventricles relax and receive
blood from atria

20
Q

Pulse Definition

A

As the heart pumps blood into the arteries,
they expand such that one is able to feel a
pulse
-The pulse rate is the same as the heart
rate

21
Q

Systolic Pressure Definition

A

when the ventricles contract,sending blood into the arteries

22
Q

Diastolic Pressure Definition

A

Diastolic - when the heart relaxes between
beats

23
Q

Coronary Arteries Definition

A
24
Q

Renal Circuit Definition

A

Supplies blood to the kidneys

25
Q

Hepatic Portal Circuit Definition

A

supplies blood to the digestive organs
especially the liver

26
Q

Coronary Circuit Definition

A

Supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.

  • Coronary arteries branch off the aorta.
  • Coronary arteries can become clogged
    and by-pass surgery may be necessary.
  • Coronary veins return blood to the heart
27
Q

Hypertension Definition

A

Also called high blood pressure

28
Q

Interstitial Fluid Definition

A

From tissues to the blood stream

29
Q

Lacteal Definition

A

Transports products of fat digestion

30
Q

Diffusion Definition

A

Pressure that draws gasses across the capillary