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Biology > Chapter 3 : Cell - > Flashcards

Chapter 3 : Cell - Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryotic Cells Definition

A

No nucleus

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2
Q

Eukaryotic Cells Definition

A

Have nuclues

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3
Q

Semi-permeable Definition

A

Control of movements of substances in and out of the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm Definition

A

Everything inside of the cell
—Semi-fluid matrix
(liquid is cytosol)

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5
Q

Extracellular Definition

A

The fluid outside of the cell

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6
Q

Concentration Gradient Definition

A

Molecules will go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

(If molecule is added to water it will disperse until equally distributed in the water)

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7
Q

Hydrophobic Compounds Definition

A

Water hating - lipophilic

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8
Q

Non-polar Definition

A

Molecules who have the same bond and share equally

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9
Q

Hydrophilic Compounds Definition

A

Water loving- lipohobic

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10
Q

Polar Definition

A

Molecules that have positive and negative ends who don’t like to shair equally

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11
Q

Passive Transport Definition

A

Does not require energy
uses concentration gradients, from high to low
- simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- osmosis

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12
Q

Active Transport Definition

A

Requires energy
Goes against the concentration gradient, low to high

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13
Q

Simple Diffusion Definition

A

Molecules that can freely pass through membrane are controlled by concentration gradient
(from high to low)

Gases- oxygen and CO2
Small molecules that aren’t charged (H2O)
Hydrophobic molecules (non-polar)

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14
Q

Osmosis Definition

A

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

( water is drawn towards the higher solute concentration)
—- water molecules will dilute the solution

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15
Q

Exocytosis Definition

A

Moving things out of the cell using a vesicle

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16
Q

Endocytosis Definition

A

Moving things into the cell using a vesicle

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17
Q

Phagocytosis Definition

A

Cells transporting large particles and cells ( bacteria ) into the cell using vesicles

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18
Q

Pinocytosis Definition

A

Cells transport fluid into the cell using vesicles

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19
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Definition

A

When membrane receptors are involved

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20
Q

Nucleolus Definition

A

Dense area in the nucleus where ribosomes are produced

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21
Q

Nuclear Envelope Definition

A

Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

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22
Q

Nucleoplasm Definition

A

Area inside the nucleus

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23
Q

Chromosome Definition

A

Are DNA wrapped around proteins

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24
Q

Chromatin Definition

A

DNA and its associated proteins
(Material of chromosomes wrapped around protiens)

25
Q

Cristae Definition

A
26
Q

Apoptosis Definition

A

Planned cell death

27
Q

What is the name of the disorder associated with missing an enzyme in lysosomes?

A
28
Q

What cytoskeleton makes cilia, flagella, and centrioles?

A
29
Q

What can pass freely through a membrane?

A

Hydrophobic compounds ( non-polar )
Gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide
Very small uncharged molecules
Water

30
Q

What can’t pass freely through a membrane?

A

Hydrophilic ( polar ) (larger than water )
Ions and charged compounds
Macromolecules compounds ( large proteins, complex carbohydrates,triglycerides)

31
Q

Different ways small molecules are transported into/out of the cell

A
32
Q

Different ways large molecules are transported into/out of the cell

A
33
Q

Microfilaments Definition

A

Functions: Important function in muscle contraction
* Responsible for the creeping movement using pseudopdia
*Role in dividing cells during cell division

34
Q

Microtubules Definition

A

Serve as tracks along which organelles or vesicles move
* Aid in cell division by separating chromosomes
— Make up cilia,flagella and centrioles

35
Q

Intermediate Filaments Definition

A

Diverse group of ropelike fibers
—Permanent in the cell
Function: Maintain cell shape and anchor organelles

36
Q

Mitochondria Definition

A

Bound by double membrane
Function:Produces energy for the cell (ATP) which requires oxygen

37
Q

Ribosomes Definition

A

Function: Site of protein synthesis
—Where amino acids are linked together with peptide bond to make polypeptide chain

(Assembling polypeptide chains / composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA))

38
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition

A

ER that doesn’t have ribosomes associated with it

Function: Phospholipids and steroids are made here
Contains enzymes that detoxify alcohol and some drugs

39
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition

A

ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) that has ribosomes on the outside

Function: Polypeptide chains are folded into their shapes by chaperones

(Carbohydrate tags are added to the proteins(glycosylation))

40
Q

Golgi Body Definition

A

*Series of flattened membranous sacs
*Vesicles from ER bring products to the Golgi to be modified and repackaged

Function: Processes, sorts, re-packages proteins and lipids, created lysosomes

41
Q

Vesicles Definition

A

Membrane-bound compartments used for transporting molecules around in the cell

(also can transport molecules in and out of the cell)

42
Q

Lysosomes Definition

A

*Digestion vesicles that contain strong acids and enzymes
*Made by the Golgi
Functions:
*Engulf molecules and digests them
*Fuse with other organelles to destroy them
*Destroy bacteria
(Can fuse with the plasma membrane to expel waste)

43
Q

What happens to the surface are;volume ration when a cell grows bigger?

A

Surface area increases so SA;Vol decreases

44
Q

Main differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

A
45
Q

Structure of the plasma membrane.

A
46
Q

Function of the plasma membrane.

A

*Maintain structural integrity of the cell
*Regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell
*Provide recognition between cells
*Stick cells together to form tissues and organs

47
Q

Main components of the plasma membrane and function of each component.**

A

Phospholipid Bilayer
Cholesterol
Proteins
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids

48
Q

Label parts of a membrane

A

https://o.quizlet.com/nm-fx4d7zk.pQ7gB0V19cg_b.png

49
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer Definition

A

Function: Controls what passes through the membrane

50
Q

Cholesterol Definition

A

Steroid
Function: Maintains proper fluidity of the membrane

(How free the membrane can move within the membrane)

51
Q

Protein Definition

A

Function: Transport, support, communication, and recognition

52
Q

Glycoproteins Definition

A

Chains of sugars attached to a protein
Function: Attachment sites and cell recognition

53
Q

Glycolipids Definition

A

Chains of sugars attached to a lipid

(Attachment sites and cell recognition

54
Q

Facilitated Diffusion Definition

A

Aided by a transport protein , controlled by concentration gradient

Likes glucose and amino acids
Charged molecules /ions

55
Q

The major feature of Animal cells

A

Plasma membrane -Controls entry in/out of the cell
Cytoplasm - Semi-fluid matrix (liquid is cytosol)
Cytoskeleton - Gives shape,structure,transport
Ribosomes - Assembling polypeptide chains

56
Q

Organelle Definition

A

Membrane-bound internal compartments in cells for specialized funtions

57
Q

What is Tay-Sachs Disease?

A

A hereditary disease where people don’t have an enzyme normally found in the lysosomes that breaks down lipids in nerve cells

58
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer Definition

A

Phospholipids have a polar head on the outside and non-polar on the inside
(Proteins and cholesterol are arranged in the bilayer)

Biology (22 decks)

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