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Chapter 3 : Cell - Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic Cells Definition

A

No nucleus

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2
Q

Eukaryotic Cells Definition

A

Have nuclues

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3
Q

Semi-permeable Definition

A

Control of movements of substances in and out of the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm Definition

A

Everything inside of the cell
—Semi-fluid matrix
(liquid is cytosol)

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5
Q

Extracellular Definition

A

The fluid outside of the cell

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6
Q

Concentration Gradient Definition

A

Molecules will go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

(If molecule is added to water it will disperse until equally distributed in the water)

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7
Q

Hydrophobic Compounds Definition

A

Water hating - lipophilic

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8
Q

Non-polar Definition

A

Molecules who have the same bond and share equally

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9
Q

Hydrophilic Compounds Definition

A

Water loving- lipohobic

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10
Q

Polar Definition

A

Molecules that have positive and negative ends who don’t like to shair equally

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11
Q

Passive Transport Definition

A

Does not require energy
uses concentration gradients, from high to low
- simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- osmosis

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12
Q

Active Transport Definition

A

Requires energy
Goes against the concentration gradient, low to high

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13
Q

Simple Diffusion Definition

A

Molecules that can freely pass through membrane are controlled by concentration gradient
(from high to low)

Gases- oxygen and CO2
Small molecules that aren’t charged (H2O)
Hydrophobic molecules (non-polar)

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14
Q

Osmosis Definition

A

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

( water is drawn towards the higher solute concentration)
—- water molecules will dilute the solution

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15
Q

Exocytosis Definition

A

Moving things out of the cell using a vesicle

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16
Q

Endocytosis Definition

A

Moving things into the cell using a vesicle

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17
Q

Phagocytosis Definition

A

Cells transporting large particles and cells ( bacteria ) into the cell using vesicles

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18
Q

Pinocytosis Definition

A

Cells transport fluid into the cell using vesicles

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19
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Definition

A

When membrane receptors are involved

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20
Q

Nucleolus Definition

A

Dense area in the nucleus where ribosomes are produced

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21
Q

Nuclear Envelope Definition

A

Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

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22
Q

Nucleoplasm Definition

A

Area inside the nucleus

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23
Q

Chromosome Definition

A

Are DNA wrapped around proteins

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24
Q

Chromatin Definition

A

DNA and its associated proteins
(Material of chromosomes wrapped around protiens)

25
Cristae Definition
26
Apoptosis Definition
Planned cell death
27
What is the name of the disorder associated with missing an enzyme in lysosomes?
28
What cytoskeleton makes cilia, flagella, and centrioles?
29
What can pass freely through a membrane?
Hydrophobic compounds ( non-polar ) Gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide Very small uncharged molecules Water
30
What can't pass freely through a membrane?
Hydrophilic ( polar ) (larger than water ) Ions and charged compounds Macromolecules compounds ( large proteins, complex carbohydrates,triglycerides)
31
Different ways small molecules are transported into/out of the cell
32
Different ways large molecules are transported into/out of the cell
33
Microfilaments Definition
Functions: Important function in muscle contraction * Responsible for the creeping movement using pseudopdia *Role in dividing cells during cell division
34
Microtubules Definition
Serve as tracks along which organelles or vesicles move * Aid in cell division by separating chromosomes --- Make up cilia,flagella and centrioles
35
Intermediate Filaments Definition
Diverse group of ropelike fibers ---Permanent in the cell Function: Maintain cell shape and anchor organelles
36
Mitochondria Definition
Bound by double membrane Function:Produces energy for the cell (ATP) which requires oxygen
37
Ribosomes Definition
Function: Site of protein synthesis ---Where amino acids are linked together with peptide bond to make polypeptide chain (Assembling polypeptide chains / composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA))
38
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition
ER that doesn't have ribosomes associated with it Function: Phospholipids and steroids are made here Contains enzymes that detoxify alcohol and some drugs
39
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition
ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) that has ribosomes on the outside Function: Polypeptide chains are folded into their shapes by chaperones (Carbohydrate tags are added to the proteins(glycosylation))
40
Golgi Body Definition
*Series of flattened membranous sacs *Vesicles from ER bring products to the Golgi to be modified and repackaged Function: Processes, sorts, re-packages proteins and lipids, created lysosomes
41
Vesicles Definition
Membrane-bound compartments used for transporting molecules around in the cell (also can transport molecules in and out of the cell)
42
Lysosomes Definition
*Digestion vesicles that contain strong acids and enzymes *Made by the Golgi Functions: *Engulf molecules and digests them *Fuse with other organelles to destroy them *Destroy bacteria (Can fuse with the plasma membrane to expel waste)
43
What happens to the surface are;volume ration when a cell grows bigger?
Surface area increases so SA;Vol decreases
44
Main differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
45
Structure of the plasma membrane.
46
Function of the plasma membrane.
*Maintain structural integrity of the cell *Regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell *Provide recognition between cells *Stick cells together to form tissues and organs
47
Main components of the plasma membrane and function of each component.**
Phospholipid Bilayer Cholesterol Proteins Glycoproteins Glycolipids
48
Label parts of a membrane
https://o.quizlet.com/nm-fx4d7zk.pQ7gB0V19cg_b.png
49
Phospholipid Bilayer Definition
Function: Controls what passes through the membrane
50
Cholesterol Definition
Steroid Function: Maintains proper fluidity of the membrane (How free the membrane can move within the membrane)
51
Protein Definition
Function: Transport, support, communication, and recognition
52
Glycoproteins Definition
Chains of sugars attached to a protein Function: Attachment sites and cell recognition
53
Glycolipids Definition
Chains of sugars attached to a lipid (Attachment sites and cell recognition
54
Facilitated Diffusion Definition
Aided by a transport protein , controlled by concentration gradient Likes glucose and amino acids Charged molecules /ions
55
The major feature of Animal cells
Plasma membrane -Controls entry in/out of the cell Cytoplasm - Semi-fluid matrix (liquid is cytosol) Cytoskeleton - Gives shape,structure,transport Ribosomes - Assembling polypeptide chains
56
Organelle Definition
Membrane-bound internal compartments in cells for specialized funtions
57
What is Tay-Sachs Disease?
A hereditary disease where people don't have an enzyme normally found in the lysosomes that breaks down lipids in nerve cells
58
Phospholipid Bilayer Definition
Phospholipids have a polar head on the outside and non-polar on the inside (Proteins and cholesterol are arranged in the bilayer)

Biology (22 decks)

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