Chapter 3 : Cell - Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cells Definition
No nucleus
Eukaryotic Cells Definition
Have nuclues
Semi-permeable Definition
Control of movements of substances in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm Definition
Everything inside of the cell
—Semi-fluid matrix
(liquid is cytosol)
Extracellular Definition
The fluid outside of the cell
Concentration Gradient Definition
Molecules will go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
(If molecule is added to water it will disperse until equally distributed in the water)
Hydrophobic Compounds Definition
Water hating - lipophilic
Non-polar Definition
Molecules who have the same bond and share equally
Hydrophilic Compounds Definition
Water loving- lipohobic
Polar Definition
Molecules that have positive and negative ends who don’t like to shair equally
Passive Transport Definition
Does not require energy
uses concentration gradients, from high to low
- simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- osmosis
Active Transport Definition
Requires energy
Goes against the concentration gradient, low to high
Simple Diffusion Definition
Molecules that can freely pass through membrane are controlled by concentration gradient
(from high to low)
Gases- oxygen and CO2
Small molecules that aren’t charged (H2O)
Hydrophobic molecules (non-polar)
Osmosis Definition
Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
( water is drawn towards the higher solute concentration)
—- water molecules will dilute the solution
Exocytosis Definition
Moving things out of the cell using a vesicle
Endocytosis Definition
Moving things into the cell using a vesicle
Phagocytosis Definition
Cells transporting large particles and cells ( bacteria ) into the cell using vesicles
Pinocytosis Definition
Cells transport fluid into the cell using vesicles
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Definition
When membrane receptors are involved
Nucleolus Definition
Dense area in the nucleus where ribosomes are produced
Nuclear Envelope Definition
Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Nucleoplasm Definition
Area inside the nucleus
Chromosome Definition
Are DNA wrapped around proteins
Chromatin Definition
DNA and its associated proteins
(Material of chromosomes wrapped around protiens)
Cristae Definition
Apoptosis Definition
Planned cell death
What is the name of the disorder associated with missing an enzyme in lysosomes?
What cytoskeleton makes cilia, flagella, and centrioles?
What can pass freely through a membrane?
Hydrophobic compounds ( non-polar )
Gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide
Very small uncharged molecules
Water
What can’t pass freely through a membrane?
Hydrophilic ( polar ) (larger than water )
Ions and charged compounds
Macromolecules compounds ( large proteins, complex carbohydrates,triglycerides)
Different ways small molecules are transported into/out of the cell
Different ways large molecules are transported into/out of the cell
Microfilaments Definition
Functions: Important function in muscle contraction
* Responsible for the creeping movement using pseudopdia
*Role in dividing cells during cell division
Microtubules Definition
Serve as tracks along which organelles or vesicles move
* Aid in cell division by separating chromosomes
— Make up cilia,flagella and centrioles
Intermediate Filaments Definition
Diverse group of ropelike fibers
—Permanent in the cell
Function: Maintain cell shape and anchor organelles
Mitochondria Definition
Bound by double membrane
Function:Produces energy for the cell (ATP) which requires oxygen
Ribosomes Definition
Function: Site of protein synthesis
—Where amino acids are linked together with peptide bond to make polypeptide chain
(Assembling polypeptide chains / composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA))
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition
ER that doesn’t have ribosomes associated with it
Function: Phospholipids and steroids are made here
Contains enzymes that detoxify alcohol and some drugs
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition
ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) that has ribosomes on the outside
Function: Polypeptide chains are folded into their shapes by chaperones
(Carbohydrate tags are added to the proteins(glycosylation))
Golgi Body Definition
*Series of flattened membranous sacs
*Vesicles from ER bring products to the Golgi to be modified and repackaged
Function: Processes, sorts, re-packages proteins and lipids, created lysosomes
Vesicles Definition
Membrane-bound compartments used for transporting molecules around in the cell
(also can transport molecules in and out of the cell)
Lysosomes Definition
*Digestion vesicles that contain strong acids and enzymes
*Made by the Golgi
Functions:
*Engulf molecules and digests them
*Fuse with other organelles to destroy them
*Destroy bacteria
(Can fuse with the plasma membrane to expel waste)
What happens to the surface are;volume ration when a cell grows bigger?
Surface area increases so SA;Vol decreases
Main differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Structure of the plasma membrane.
Function of the plasma membrane.
*Maintain structural integrity of the cell
*Regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell
*Provide recognition between cells
*Stick cells together to form tissues and organs
Main components of the plasma membrane and function of each component.**
Phospholipid Bilayer
Cholesterol
Proteins
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Label parts of a membrane
https://o.quizlet.com/nm-fx4d7zk.pQ7gB0V19cg_b.png
Phospholipid Bilayer Definition
Function: Controls what passes through the membrane
Cholesterol Definition
Steroid
Function: Maintains proper fluidity of the membrane
(How free the membrane can move within the membrane)
Protein Definition
Function: Transport, support, communication, and recognition
Glycoproteins Definition
Chains of sugars attached to a protein
Function: Attachment sites and cell recognition
Glycolipids Definition
Chains of sugars attached to a lipid
(Attachment sites and cell recognition
Facilitated Diffusion Definition
Aided by a transport protein , controlled by concentration gradient
Likes glucose and amino acids
Charged molecules /ions
The major feature of Animal cells
Plasma membrane -Controls entry in/out of the cell
Cytoplasm - Semi-fluid matrix (liquid is cytosol)
Cytoskeleton - Gives shape,structure,transport
Ribosomes - Assembling polypeptide chains
Organelle Definition
Membrane-bound internal compartments in cells for specialized funtions
What is Tay-Sachs Disease?
A hereditary disease where people don’t have an enzyme normally found in the lysosomes that breaks down lipids in nerve cells
Phospholipid Bilayer Definition
Phospholipids have a polar head on the outside and non-polar on the inside
(Proteins and cholesterol are arranged in the bilayer)
