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Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter Definition

A

Everything that takes up space and has mass- made up of atoms

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2
Q

Atom Definition

A

Units of matter that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means

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3
Q

Element Definition

A

a “pure” form of matter
containing only one kind of atom

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4
Q

Atomic Number Definition

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

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5
Q

Atomic Mass Definition

A
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6
Q

Isotopes Definition

A

Elements with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons

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7
Q

Radioisotopes Definition

A

are isotopes that are unstable,
and become more stable by emitting energy and
particles

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8
Q

Chemical Bonds Definition

A

unions between electron
structure from different atoms

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9
Q

Single Bond Definition

A

share one pair of electrons (two
electrons)

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10
Q

Double Bond Definition

A

share two pairs of electrons (four
electrons)

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11
Q

Molecules Definition

A

are when two or more atoms join
together. They can be the same element (H2) or
different elements (H2O)

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12
Q

Compound Molecules Definition

A

When different elements join the molecule

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13
Q

Ion Definition

A

atom that has gained or lost electrons, It
no longer has a balance between protons and
electrons, it is positive or negative charge

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14
Q

Ionic Bond Definition

A

an association between ions of
opposite charge

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15
Q

Covalent Bond Definition

A

The strongest type of bond
When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the
outer most shell come together and share
electrons

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16
Q

Nonpolar Bonds Definition

A

the atoms have same pull on the
shared electrons (H2)

17
Q

Polar Bonds Definition

A

the atoms don’t equally share the
electrons (H2O)

18
Q

Electronegativity Definition

A

Some atoms have a greater pull on shared
electron than other atoms

19
Q

Hydrogen Bond Defintion

A

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with
a partial positive charge and another atom with a
partial negative charge (electronegative atom
such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur).

20
Q

Hydrophilic Definiton

A

(water-loving) – polar molecules that
are attracted to water

21
Q

Hydrophobic Definition

A

(water-fearing) – nonpolar
molecules that are pushed aside by water

22
Q

Match the particle with the charge
Proton
Neutron
Electron
——————————–
Negative
Positive
Neutral

A

Proton - Positive
Neutron - Neutral
Electron - Negative

23
Q

Match the particle with its location in the atom
Electron
Proton
Neutron
——————————
Nucleus
Orbitals

A

Electron - Orbital
Proton - Nucleus
Neutron - Nucleus

24
Q

Match the particle with the mass
proton
neutron
electron

A

Proton - 1 AMU (daltons)
Neutron - 1 AMU (daltons)
Electron - negligible

25
Q

Using the periodic table entry for Beryllium, how many neutrons are found in an uncharged beryllium atom?

A

5

26
Q

Using the periodic table entry for nitrogen, how many uncharged bonds can nitrogen form?

A

3

27
Q

Is the functional group pictured above polar or nonpolar?
http://www.nadidem.net/k/karbkslm/images/karboksil-grubu_jpg.jpg

A

Polar

28
Q

Match the bond type with the description of the bond
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen

A

Covalent - When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the outermost shell come together and share electrons

Ionic - an association between ions of opposite charge

Hydrogen - Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge with an electronegative atom

29
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of ________.

A

Neutrons

30
Q

A neutral atom must contain ________.

A

An equal number of protons and electrons

(Protons are positive and electrons are negative so there needs to be equal numbers of these particles for an atom to be neutral.)

31
Q

You have information about an atom that contains 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Which of the following statements would be true?

A

It is an ion.

(there is one more electron than protons so it will have a negative charge, therefore it is an ion.)

Biology (22 decks)

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