Chapter 2 Flashcards
Matter Definition
Everything that takes up space and has mass- made up of atoms
Atom Definition
Units of matter that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means
Element Definition
a “pure” form of matter
containing only one kind of atom
Atomic Number Definition
The number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Mass Definition
Isotopes Definition
Elements with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons
Radioisotopes Definition
are isotopes that are unstable,
and become more stable by emitting energy and
particles
Chemical Bonds Definition
unions between electron
structure from different atoms
Single Bond Definition
share one pair of electrons (two
electrons)
Double Bond Definition
share two pairs of electrons (four
electrons)
Molecules Definition
are when two or more atoms join
together. They can be the same element (H2) or
different elements (H2O)
Compound Molecules Definition
When different elements join the molecule
Ion Definition
atom that has gained or lost electrons, It
no longer has a balance between protons and
electrons, it is positive or negative charge
Ionic Bond Definition
an association between ions of
opposite charge
Covalent Bond Definition
The strongest type of bond
When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the
outer most shell come together and share
electrons
Nonpolar Bonds Definition
the atoms have same pull on the
shared electrons (H2)
Polar Bonds Definition
the atoms don’t equally share the
electrons (H2O)
Electronegativity Definition
Some atoms have a greater pull on shared
electron than other atoms
Hydrogen Bond Defintion
Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with
a partial positive charge and another atom with a
partial negative charge (electronegative atom
such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur).
Hydrophilic Definiton
(water-loving) – polar molecules that
are attracted to water
Hydrophobic Definition
(water-fearing) – nonpolar
molecules that are pushed aside by water
Match the particle with the charge
Proton
Neutron
Electron
——————————–
Negative
Positive
Neutral
Proton - Positive
Neutron - Neutral
Electron - Negative
Match the particle with its location in the atom
Electron
Proton
Neutron
——————————
Nucleus
Orbitals
Electron - Orbital
Proton - Nucleus
Neutron - Nucleus
Match the particle with the mass
proton
neutron
electron
Proton - 1 AMU (daltons)
Neutron - 1 AMU (daltons)
Electron - negligible
Using the periodic table entry for Beryllium, how many neutrons are found in an uncharged beryllium atom?
5
Using the periodic table entry for nitrogen, how many uncharged bonds can nitrogen form?
3
Is the functional group pictured above polar or nonpolar?
http://www.nadidem.net/k/karbkslm/images/karboksil-grubu_jpg.jpg
Polar
Match the bond type with the description of the bond
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen
Covalent - When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the outermost shell come together and share electrons
Ionic - an association between ions of opposite charge
Hydrogen - Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge with an electronegative atom
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of ________.
Neutrons
A neutral atom must contain ________.
An equal number of protons and electrons
(Protons are positive and electrons are negative so there needs to be equal numbers of these particles for an atom to be neutral.)
You have information about an atom that contains 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Which of the following statements would be true?
It is an ion.
(there is one more electron than protons so it will have a negative charge, therefore it is an ion.)
