Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter Definition

Answer 1

Everything that takes up space and has mass- made up of atoms

Question 2

Atom Definition

Answer 2

Units of matter that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical means

Question 3

Element Definition

Answer 3

a “pure” form of matter
containing only one kind of atom

Question 4

Atomic Number Definition

Answer 4

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 5

Atomic Mass Definition

Question 6

Isotopes Definition

Answer 6

Elements with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons

Question 7

Radioisotopes Definition

Answer 7

are isotopes that are unstable,
and become more stable by emitting energy and
particles

Question 8

Chemical Bonds Definition

Answer 8

unions between electron
structure from different atoms

Question 9

Single Bond Definition

Answer 9

share one pair of electrons (two
electrons)

Question 10

Double Bond Definition

Answer 10

share two pairs of electrons (four
electrons)

Question 11

Molecules Definition

Answer 11

are when two or more atoms join
together. They can be the same element (H2) or
different elements (H2O)

Question 12

Compound Molecules Definition

Answer 12

When different elements join the molecule

Question 13

Ion Definition

Answer 13

atom that has gained or lost electrons, It
no longer has a balance between protons and
electrons, it is positive or negative charge

Question 14

Ionic Bond Definition

Answer 14

an association between ions of
opposite charge

Question 15

Covalent Bond Definition

Answer 15

The strongest type of bond
When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the
outer most shell come together and share
electrons

Question 16

Nonpolar Bonds Definition

Answer 16

the atoms have same pull on the
shared electrons (H2)

Question 17

Polar Bonds Definition

Answer 17

the atoms don’t equally share the
electrons (H2O)

Question 18

Electronegativity Definition

Answer 18

Some atoms have a greater pull on shared
electron than other atoms

Question 19

Hydrogen Bond Defintion

Answer 19

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with
a partial positive charge and another atom with a
partial negative charge (electronegative atom
such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur).

Question 20

Hydrophilic Definiton

Answer 20

(water-loving) – polar molecules that
are attracted to water

Question 21

Hydrophobic Definition

Answer 21

(water-fearing) – nonpolar
molecules that are pushed aside by water

Question 22

Match the particle with the charge
Proton
Neutron
Electron
——————————–
Negative
Positive
Neutral

Answer 22

Proton - Positive
Neutron - Neutral
Electron - Negative

Question 23

Match the particle with its location in the atom
Electron
Proton
Neutron
——————————
Nucleus
Orbitals

Answer 23

Electron - Orbital
Proton - Nucleus
Neutron - Nucleus

Question 24

Match the particle with the mass
proton
neutron
electron

Answer 24

Proton - 1 AMU (daltons)
Neutron - 1 AMU (daltons)
Electron - negligible

Question 25

Using the periodic table entry for Beryllium, how many neutrons are found in an uncharged beryllium atom?

Answer 25

5

Question 26

Using the periodic table entry for nitrogen, how many uncharged bonds can nitrogen form?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

Is the functional group pictured above polar or nonpolar? http://www.nadidem.net/k/karbkslm/images/karboksil-grubu_jpg.jpg

Answer 27

Polar

Question 28

Match the bond type with the description of the bond Covalent Ionic Hydrogen

Answer 28

Covalent - When two atoms with unpaired electrons in the outermost shell come together and share electrons Ionic - an association between ions of opposite charge Hydrogen - Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge with an electronegative atom

Question 29

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of ________.

Answer 29

Neutrons

Question 30

A neutral atom must contain ________.

Answer 30

An equal number of protons and electrons (Protons are positive and electrons are negative so there needs to be equal numbers of these particles for an atom to be neutral.)

Question 31

You have information about an atom that contains 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Which of the following statements would be true?

Answer 31

It is an ion. (there is one more electron than protons so it will have a negative charge, therefore it is an ion.)