Chapter 8 - Gastrointestinal Drugs Flashcards
3 general functions of the GI tract
- entry of food and fluid into the body.
- absorption of nutrients
- excretion of wastes
What are 3 examples of monogastric animals?
dogs, cats, primates.
What is the GI configuration of ruminants?
system of forestomachs (reticulum, rumen and omasum) to digest coarse plant material, and a true stomach (abomasum).
What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?
regurgitation brings up partially digested food for chewing in ruminants, where vomiting is forcible expulsion of gastric contents.
What do ruminants use to digest coarse plant material?
microorganisms in the rumen.
3 basic control mechanisms of the GI tract?
- autonomic nervous system
- homonal control
- chemical control.
what is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract?
may increase permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. May also induce fever and initiate shock.
The CRTZ stimulates vomiting when activated by ____
chemical substances and impulses from the inner ear.
2 examples of centrally acting emetics and 2 examples of peripherally acting emetics.
Centrally acting: apomorphine, xylazine
Peripherally acting: ipecac, mustard.
What are drugs that inhibit vomiting?
antiemetics
how do H2 receptor antagonists promote healing of GI ulcers?
reduce secretion of hydrochloric acid.
what are 2 H2 receptor antagonists?
Cimetidine, ranitidine.
what are two types of intestinal motility patterns?
peristalsis (waves of contraction), Segmentation (a mixing action)
what two species do not vomit?
rats, horses
what is the mechanism of action of saline/hypersmotic laxatives?
retain water in the gut, therefore softening stool.
What is the active ingredient in metamucil?
Psyllium
direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism?
mimick the effect of acetylcholine.
what is the synthetic antibiotic/antiinflammatory used to treat giardia and anaerobic bacterial infections?
Metronidazole
Four products used as oral cleansing agents
- C.E.T.
- Nolvadent
- Oral Dent
- Oxydent
stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS ____ intestinal motility.
increases
About what percent of stomach contents do emetics usually remove?
80%
How does Sucralfate treat/prevent gastric ulcers?
forms a paste-like barrier over the surface of the ulcers.
Bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in ______
Felines
Which species has no gallbladder?
Equines
The crop in birds is used for _____
Food storage
______ is an emetic
Apomorphine
Cimetidine is a ____
H2 receptor antagonist
____ loosen bowel contents
Laxatives
Mg sulfate is found in ____
Epsom salts
Viokase-V powder is _____
A digestive enzyme for dogs and cats.
