Chapter 5 - Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
What 7 structures do oxygen molecules pass over or through from the environment to the alveoli?
Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Four primary functions of respiratory system
- Oxygen-co2 exchange
- Regulation of acid-base balance
- Body temp regulation
- Voice production
The function of the basic defense mechanisms of the respiratory system:
- structures in the nasal passages
- coughs, sneezes and reverse sneezes
- mucociliary mechanism
- macrophages and immunoglobulins
- structures in nasal passages: filter, warm, and humidify air
- cough, sneeze, reverse sneeze remove foreign material
- mucociliary mechanism - removes foreign material
- macrophages and immunoglobulins - inactivate or destroy invasive organisms.
The three important principals of respiratory therapeutics
- Control of secretions
- Control of reflexes
- Maintenance of normal airflow
Expectorants are used with what kind of cough?
Productive
How do mucolytics decrease viscosity of mucus?
Breakdown of disulfide chemical bonds
By what method is acetylcysteine administered?
Nebulization
What is the mechanism of action of most antitussives?
Depression of cough center in the brain
Codeine is in which category of controlled substances?
Schedule V
3 mechanisms that cause smooth muscle contraction in the bronchioles
- Release of acetylcholine
- Release of histamine
- blockade of beta2-adrenergic receptors.
2 bronchodilators that are beta2-adrenergic agonists
Epinephrine, albuterol.
Which cellular enzyme is inhibited by methylxanthines?
Phosphodiesterase
2 potential uses for antihistamines
Treatment of insect bites, treatment of heaves in horses.
Two potential uses for dopram
- Treats respiratory depression due to anesthesia
2. Stimulates respiration in newborns
2 uses of acetylcysteine
As a mucolytic agent
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
