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Pharmacology > Chapter 16 - blood-modifying, antineoplstic, and immunosuppressant drugs. > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - blood-modifying, antineoplstic, and immunosuppressant drugs. Flashcards

1
Q

___ treat anemia in baby pigs

A

iron compounds

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2
Q

what is the potential cause of PU/PD and mild anemia in dogs? What may be used to treat the anemia?

A
  • chronic renal failure

- erythropoietin

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3
Q

why are hematinics not indicated for acute blood loss?

A

the response will not occur quickly enough.

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4
Q

What is the anticoagulant of choice for collecting blood for hematologic studies?

A

EDTA

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5
Q

How come clots may form in the vascular system with no external trauma to blood vessels?

A

due to the existence of an intrinsic clotting mechanism.

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6
Q

what can be used to stop bleeding in a cut quick, and how does it work?

A
  • a silver nitrate stick

- works through coagulation of blood proteins.

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7
Q

what drug would be used to treat a dog that got into a box of rat poison? how would it be administered?

A
  • vit. K1

- SubQ or IM

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8
Q

what agent may be used to treat early onset of apparent rear leg paralysis and tachycardia?

A

A fibrinolytic agent, ie streptokinase.

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9
Q

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

A
  • g0 - resting
  • g1 - presynthesis preparation
  • s - DNA synthesis
  • g2 - RNA production
  • M - mitosis.
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10
Q

What are 6 categories of antineoplastic drugs, and an example of each?

A
  1. Alkylating Agents - ie cyciophosphamide
  2. anthracyclines - ie doxorubcin
  3. antimetabolites - ie methotrexate
  4. antitubulin agents - ie vinblastine
  5. corticosteroids - ie prenisone
  6. miscellaneous agents - ie cisplatin.
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11
Q

what are four indications for the use of immunosuppressive agents?

A
  1. treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  2. treatment of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis
  3. treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
  4. treatment of lupus erythematosus.
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12
Q

Why avoid extravasation of antineoplastic drugs?

A

most are very irritating to tissue and may cause sloughing.

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13
Q

what are 8 precautions that should be taken with antineoplastic drugs?

A
  1. designate a specific location for handling.
  2. wear nonpermeable latex gloves.
  3. cover work surfaces with a disposable, plastic-backed sheet.
  4. wear an appropriate lab coat and mask.
  5. reconstitute all materials carefully to avoid aerosolization.
  6. clean reconstituted material of contamination and properly mark and date it.
  7. dispose of contaminated material in leak-proof, puncture-resistant containers.
  8. wash hands thoroughly.
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14
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A

in the kidney.

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15
Q

what drug must be used to treat anemia associated with chronic renal failure?

A

epogen (erythropoietin)

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16
Q

___ digests fibrin threads and other clotting products to cause clot lysis and release of fibrin degradation products into the circulation.

A

plasmin

17
Q

which anticoagulant may be used to treat DIC?

A

heparin

18
Q

Why should heparin not be used as an anticoagulant when blood is collected for the performance of a differential count?

A

it may distort the WBCs, making identification difficult.

19
Q

How does EDTA work as an anticoagulant?

A

chelates (binds with) calcium)

20
Q

what are some potential adverse side effects of antineoplastic drugs?

A
  • anaphylactic reactions
  • immunosuppression
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • hair loss
  • cystitis
  • pain associated with administration
  • tissue damage from extravasation
21
Q

most antineoplastic agents are based on what dosage?

A

body surface area.

22
Q

corticosteroids have a lymphocytic action, which makes them useful for treating ___

A

lymphoid neoplasia.

23
Q

a substance with antitumor, antiviral and immunoregulatory effects.

A

interferon

24
Q

cardiomyopathy is a potential side effect of ___

A

doxorubicin

25
Q

erythrocytes are formed in the ____

A

bone marrow

26
Q

the primary function of erythrocytes

A

carry oxygen to the tissues

27
Q

___ are used to prevent or treat anemia

A

hematinics

28
Q

3 examples of androgens?

A
  1. Winstrol-V
  2. Equipoise
  3. Deca-durabolin
29
Q

a heparin flush solution may be prepared by diluting heparin in saline at a concentration of ___

A

5 u/mL

30
Q

What color top do heparin test tubes have?

A

Green

31
Q

which vitamin is an antidote for warfarin or dicumarol toxicity?

A

K1

32
Q

Which anticoagulant is used when a WBC differential is performed?

A

EDTA

33
Q

Fluorouracil is contraindicated in ____ because of adverse side effects

A

felines

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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