Chapter 8: Functional Foods/Supplements Flashcards
What percentage of cancers are related to overweight, physical inactivity and poor nutrition?
1/3
T/F: Increasing age is a risk factor for cancer?
True
T/F: Alternative anti-cancer diets are often evidence based and evolve with new scientific knowledge?
False
What is the Alkaline Diet?
Claims that an acidic environment is toxic to the body and increases cancer risk. Recommends eating 80% alkaline foods and 20% acid-forming foods.
What supplementation would likely be needed on an Alkaline diet?
Calcium and/or Vitamin D, MVi may also be needed
What is the Budwig Diet?
Emphasizes natural, unrefined foods, whole grains, natural sweeteners and has a flaxseed oil and cottage cheese mixture to be eaten twice per day.
Avoids meats, dairy, refined foods, hydrogenated oils
The Budwig diet may be limited in….
protein, calcium, and calories
What is the Essiac and Flor-Essence Diet?
Claims to strengthen the immune system, improve quality of life and shrink tumors. Herbs are brewed into a tea. Once oz of tea is consumed 1-3 times daily.
The Essiac and Flor-Essence Diet may cause…
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and headaches
What is the Fasting Diet?
Claim that fasting allows the body to focus energy on cleansing and healing itself. Belief that fasting supports the immune system, starves tumors and stimulates cellular repair.
Food is avoided and only water is consumed for several days.
What are some negative effects of fasting?
Poor nutrient intake, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, low blood pressure
What is the Gerson Therapy Diet?
Described as a natural treatment that activates the body’s ability to heal itself. Includes a vegetarian diet (15-20 lbs of organic fruits and vegetables each day), raw juices, coffee enemas and natural supplements
What vitamins are needed on the Gerson Therapy Diet?
B12, potassium, pancreatic enzymes, thyroid hormone
What are the potential risks of the Gerson Therapy Diet?
Malnutrition, dehydration, and colitis (from frequent enemas)
What is the Livingston-Wheeler Diet?
Vegetarian diet supplemented with vitamins and an individualized vaccine usually derived from the patient’s own blood or urine.
What are the potential risks of the Livingston-Wheeler Diet?
Low in protein, calcium, iron, vitamin D, B12
What is the Macrobiotic Diet?
A philosophy and diet based on avoidance of toxins. Emphasizes organic and vegetarian foods. Specific cooking methods and utensils are recommended.
The Macrobiotic Diet may be deficient in…
B12, protein, zinc, calcium, vitamin D and iron (but can meet nutritional needs if carefully planned).
What is the Raw Food Plan?
The “Living Foods Diet” allows only raw foods or foods heated to 105 degrees F. 75% of diet is fruits/vegetables. Avoids meat, dairy , eggs.
The Raw Food Plan may be deficient in….
calories, protein, iron, calcium, vitamin B12 and zinc
What is a “Functional Food”?
Whole foods along with fortified, enriched or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence.
What is the “ideal functional food”?
whole foods
What are the 3 categories of functional foods?
Conventional foods: vegetables, fruits, whole grains…
Modified foods: enriched cereals
Food Ingredients: indigestible carbohydrates
What are examples of functional foods
yogurt with probiotics added, granola bars with soy protein added, calcium fortified juice, etc.
T/F: Antioxidants taken in supplemental form don’t show a consistent benefit to reducing cancer risk, while naturally occurring antioxidants in fruits and vegetables have been shown to reduce cancer risk.
True
Which supplement reduces the toxicity of Irinotecan and Paclitaxel.
Omega-3 fats
What food component is found in olive oil and avocado, may provide cytotoxic synergism with Herceptin
Oleic acid
Melatonin
When simultaneously administered with tamoxifen, melatonin may improve anti-cancerresponse of women with metastatic breast cancer, who did not respond to tamoxifen alone.
Curcumin
Is safe to incorporate within a varied diet.
T/F: Until more is known about herbs/suppements, it is unsafe to make recommendations for using these products during cancer treatment.
True
Aloe vera has a strong _____ effect.
laxative
____ binds to iron making it unavailable and possibly leading to the risk of iron deficiency.
Quercetin
____ supplement may influence the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and can potentially reduce concentrations of imatinib and irinotecan.
St. John’s wart
Which supplement enhances the clinical benefit of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Cisplatin and Vincristine?
Omega 3 Fas
Which supplement improves response to tamoxifen?
Melatonin
Which supplement may reduce Cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity?
Curcumin
Which supplement may reduce the cardio toxicity of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)?
Co-Q10
Which supplement may interfere with Tamoxifen and increase toxicity of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and Docetaxel.
Black Cohosh
What is the safe daily limit on omega-3 fatty acid supplements? How much is the limit if being monitored by a doctor?
3 grams per day
4 g per day with doctor supervision for bleeding risk
Which supplement should you avoid if you are on anticoagulants?
Co-Q10
Garlic
Gingko Biloba
What benefit does Glutamine give?
It may reduce stomatitis, mucositis and esophagitis
What is an extract of milk thistle?
Silymarin
Which supplement may reduce blood pressure?
Theanine
Which supplement is contraindicated in people taking seizure medications or lactose?
Glutamine
