Chapter 17: MNT for Brain Tumors Flashcards
Cancers that originate in the brain are called?
Primary Brain Tumors (PBT)
T/F: One issue that makes brain tumors unique is the brain tumor can take up space in the brain and lead to deadly increases in pressure inside the skull and destroy and compress the surrounding normal tissue.
True
T/F: Both Non-cancerous brain tumors can be just as deadly as a malignant tumor.
True
T/F: Benign brain tumors are treated with the same modalities as malignant ones?
True
What are common treatment methods for PBT?
surgery, chemotherapy and radiation
Grade I tumor….
usually cystic and well defined. Their cells are relatively normal in appearance.
Grade II tumor…..
Infiltrative but still considered a lower grade
Grade III and IV tumors…..
are higher grades with Grade IV having areas of necrosis
T/F: There are no known nutrition risk factors for brain cancer.
True
T/F: Weight loss is a typically presenting symptom of brain cancer.
False
T/F: Brain tumors are considered low nutrition-risk cancers.
True
T/F: Headache is the most common presenting symptom of brain cancer.
True
Brain Stem cancers frequently cause ___ and ___?
Nausea and vomiting
What is SIADH?
Syndrome of Innapropriate Antiduretic Hormone secretion. It is occasionally caused by primary and metastatic brain tumors.
What is Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS)
An assessment tool for functional impairment. Higher scores are associated with longer survival.
What are the goals for nutrition care of the patient with PBT?
- controlling physical symptoms that contribute to nutritional decline from the tumor itself, treatment and NIS 2. caregiver support 3. End of life care
What are some NIS of PBT?
dysphagia, constipation, fatigue, low or increased appetite, xerostomia, hyperglycemia, dysguesia, ageusia
What are some side effects of Corticosteroid treatment?
excessive weight gain, cushionoid appearance, truncal obesity, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression and muscle weakness, reductions in bone mineralization.
When on the medication Procarbazine, patients need to follow a low ____ diet?
Tyramine
Two treatment modalities being explored for PBT?
Ketogenic diet and Short-term Starvation (STS)
What is the biggest challenge of the Ketogenic Diet?
Patient compliance
What are the side effects of the Ketogenic Diet?
constipation, vomiting, decreased energy and hunger
How is Short-term Starvation thought to work and what is one undesirable outcome?
It is thought to lower circulating levels of of IGF-1 and reduce angiogenesis. It may exacerbate weight loss.
