Chapter 20: MNT For Cancers Of The GI Tract Flashcards
The majority of gastric cancers are ____?
Adenocarcinomas
What is the leading cause of gastric cancers?
Inflammatory changes related to H. pylori.
Gastric cancers most frequently metastize to the ____, ____, and ____?
Liver, lung, and bone
What are common symptoms of gastric cancer?
Early satiety, heartburn or indigestion, abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, vomiting (with or without food), anorexia and unintended weight loss.
Malnutrition and weight loss occur in ____% of gastric cancers?
> 70%
What are common treatments for gastric cancers?
Chemotherapy, biotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery
Common NIS with GI cancer treatments?
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and gastric pain (which can lead to rapid unexpected weight loss)
What are types of partial gastrectomies?
Billroth I (gastroduodenostomy), Billroth II (gastrojejunostomy), partial hastric resections, and Rouex-en -Y
Risk factors for CRC?
Over 50, adenoma polyps in the colon, african american, Ashkenazi Jews, DM2, overweight, smoking, tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, physical inactivity, hx of Crohn’s or Ulcerative Colitis, intake of PAH and HCA from grilling at high temperatures, diet high in red meat, low vitamin D and Calcium, inherited syndromes
Most common symptoms of CRC?
Change in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation or a narrowing of the stool). Also, heme-positive stools or unexplained anemia, abdominal pain and bloating, nausea/vomiting, blood in stool, unintended weight loss and fatigue
What are the diet and lifestyle recommendations for CRC survivors?
Avoid “Western Diet”: Limit red/fatty meat, processed meat, refined carbohydrates, alcohol, Eat more plant based foods, increase fiber, limit alcohol, maintain a healthy weight, engage in regular physical activity, Calcium supplementation may be beneficial
What is HCC?
Hepatocellular Cancer
T/F: HCC accounts for a majority of liver cancers?
True
T/F: The liver is a common site of metastases from other primary cancers?
True
What are risk factors for HCC?
Gender (more common in men), Hepatitis B, heavy alcohol use, Aflatoxin, Hemocromotosis, Inherited metabolic disease, cirrhosis, obesity, DM2, anabolic steroids, environmental toxins (arsenic in water)
What are treatment options for HCC?
Surgery, Ablation (use of small probe that transmits high energy radio waves), Embolization (injection that blocks blood flow to tumor), Chemotherapy, Biotherapy, Radiation therapy
Signs and symptoms of HCC?
nausea, vomiting, an enlarged liver, abdominal pain, swollen abdomen, itching, jaundice, worsening of existing cirrhosis, loss of appetite, early satiety, fatigue, unintended weight loss.
T/F: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common of the biliary tract tumors and is the leading cause of cancer mortality in certain ethnic groups.
True
T/F: GBC affects women at two to three times the rate of men and its incidence increases with age?
True
Risk factors for GBC?
gallstones, obesity, being female, Mexican-American & Native American, Diabetes, biliary abnormalities, parasitic infection, industrial and environmental chemicals
Signs and Symptoms of GBC?
vague abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, taste changes, anorexia, and jaundice
GBC treatment regimens can result in nutrition impact symptoms such as….
mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, changes in appetite and unintended weight loss.
What are the two types of anal cancers?
Squamous cell (most common) which line the anal margin and most of the anal canal. and Adenocarcinoma which develops in the cells that line the upper part of the anal canal adjacent to the rectum.
Treatments for anal cancer?
chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery
