Chapter 26: MNT For Thyroid Cancer Flashcards
Symptoms of thyroid cancer?
Cough, difficulty swallowing or breathing, enlargement of or lump on the thyroid gland, neck pain, and hoarsness or chanfe in voice.
How is Thyroid cancer diagnosed?
Blood tests: TSH or calcitoni, thyroid ultrasound, radioactive scans, and biopsy
Which type of thyroid cancer is always type IV?
Anaplastic carcinoma
Risk factors for thyroid cancer?
Radiation exposure, especially in infancy/early childhood, genetic factors, over 45 y/o, and female, family history and goiters.
What is the dietary factor leading to thyroid cancer!
Iodine intake.
An iodine deficiency leads to increased risk of follicular carcinoma.
High iodine intake (through supplementation) leads to increased risk of papillary carcinoma.
What are the 4 types of thyroid cancer?
Papillary (differentiated)
Follicular (differentiated)
Medullary (cancer of C cells)
Anaplastic (undifferentiated)
Which type of thyroid cancer is slow growing and curable when diagnosed early?
Papillary
Which kind of thyroid cancer raises calcitonin levels?
Medullary
Which type of thyroid cancer is aggressive and usually fatal with survival of 3-6 months?
Anaplastic
Which type of yhyroid cancer is easily cured but most likely to recur?
Follicular
What is the most common NIS of thyroid cancer?
Dysphagia d/t the enlarged thyroid compressing the structures involved in swallowing.
What is the most common treatment of thyroid cancer?
Surgery. Total or near total thyroidectomy.
What is RAI?
Radioactive iodine therapy. RAI is concentrated by thyroid cells leading to their distruction.
What are NIS of RAI?
Nausea, dry mouth, change in taste, late onset damage of salvary glands and dental caries.
RAI has no roll in the treatment of _____ and _____?
Medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancers.
T/F: Presenting symptoms of thyroid cancer do not commonly include weight loss.
True
DRIs for energy, macro- and micronutrient content?
They are consistent with age and gender specific DRIs.
What is a LID?
Low iodine diet.
How does a LID work?
It is done with a RAI to deplete whole body iodine stores and optimize RAI uptake in thyroid cells.
What is the iodine goal in a LID?
< 50 micrograms iodine/day
How long should LID be followed?
1-2 weeks for pts undergoing RAI
Teo challenges of LID?
Determining the accurate iodine content of foods and palatability of food
Foods to avoid on a LID?
Iodized salt Seafood and seasalt products Dairy products Egg yolks Red-dye #3/erythrosine Iodate dough conditioners
What else should be avoided on LID?
Multivitamin containing iodine
Selenium and fish oil made from sea-based products
Iodine tablets for water purification system
Creams/lotions made from seaweed
Topical iodine antiseptics
T/F: iodine is generally not found in enteral formulas and TPN formulas.
True
