Chapter 5: Energetics, Exercise and Cancer

Question 1

Abdominal obesity increases the risk for which cancers?

Answer 1

breast (post-menopausal), cervical, colon, rectal, endometrial, esophageal, pancreatic, and renal cancers.

Question 2

____ of all cancer-related deaths annually are associated with body weigh, diet and physical activity?

Answer 2

1/3

Question 3

What are 2 hormones influenced by adiposity that may modulate carcinogenesis?

Answer 3

leptin and adiponectin

Question 4

what does adiponectin do?

Answer 4

Promotes an anti-inflammatory environment. It’s levels are inversely associated with insulin and inflammation.
(Increase body weight = decrease adiponectin)

Question 5

Leptin

Answer 5

Is a key regulator of energy balance and appetite control. In obese individuals, leptin increases. Leptin promotes angiogenesis. And it influences the production of inflammatory mediators like cytokines and IL-6, IL-1 and tumor necrosis-alpha.

Question 6

An increase in circulating insulin levels leads to increased risk for which cancers.

Answer 6

breast, colorectal, pancreatic, endometiral

Question 7

What is CR

Answer 7

Calorie Restriction: a 20-40% reduction in calorie intake and also known as deprivation has been explored as a mechanism to prevent carcinogenisis. CR may help to modulate hormones (IGF-1, Insulin, Adiponectin), etc.

Question 8

ACSM Exercise Guidlines?

Answer 8

150 min/week of moderate intensity exercise
75 min/week of vigorous intensity
Resistance 2/week

Question 9

What are some barriers to exercise?

Answer 9

Chemotherapy, fatigue, tender wounds, age, econimic status