Chapter 18: MNT for Breast Cancer Flashcards
What is ER?
Estrogen receptors
What is PR?
Progesterone receptors
What is HER-2
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
What are the two biggest risk factors for breast cancer
Being female and age
What are modifiable risk factors for breast cancer?
Obesity and use of combined estrogen and progestin hormone therapy (and possibly alcohol).
Other breast cancer risk factors?
dense breast tissue, high bone mineral density, biopsy-confirmed hyperplasia and never having children or having a first child after age 30.
What are two standard treatments for women with ER+ breast cancer (in addition to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy)?
Hormonal therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors.
How do aromatase inhibitors work?
Aromatase inhibitors stop the production of estrogen in postmenopausal women.
How do selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) work?
Decrease growth of estrogen-sensitive cells by binding to the estrogen receptor.
Aromatase inhibitors are associated with ____?
Bone loss, so patients taking these drugs need adequate calcium and vitamin D.
DRIs for Calcium for women?
1000 mg/day for women 19-50
1200 mg/day for women over 50
DRIs for Vitamin D?
600 IU/day for adults 19-70
800 IU/day for adults over 70
NIS from Chemotherapy?
Decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, emotional changes, constipation, diarrhea, mucositis and taste changes (can lead to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies)
What is the longest lasting side effect of radiation?
Fatigue (which can make it difficult to prepare meals and eat at regular intervals)
T/F: Aerobic activity and resistance training appear to be safe and effective in reducing the incidence of lymphedema>
True
____ is a major risk factor for lymphedema?
Obesity
T/F: Women with breast cancer are less likely to present with weight loss and malnutrition?
True
T/F: The RD should assist with nutrition interventions that encourage gradual weight loss while maintaining lean body mass to prevent sarcopenia?
True
MNT for Breast Cancer
- Promote gradual weight loss while preserving lean body mass. 2. Manage NIS during treatment. 3. Promote post-operative recovery with adequate cal/pro. 4. Survivorship plan that encourages a healthy weight and healthy foods
Omega-3 Fatty Acids should not be consumed in excess of ____ grams per day?
3 grams
T/F: Consuming 2-3 servings of soy food per day is safe?
True
Tips to reduce breast cancer risk
- Be physically active. 2. eat plenty of fruits/vegetables. 3. Choose carbohydrate wisely. 4. Focus on Healthy fats. 5. select beverages carefully.
Calorie and protein needs for breast cancer?
25-30 kcal/kg
1.0-1.5 g/kg
T/F: Higher fiber intake may lower breast cancer risk?
True
T/F: The benefits of soy are seen with soy food rather than with the supplement?
True
EPA and DHA intake greater than ____ mg/day (from marine sources) lowers breast cancer events by 25%.
73 mg / day
Breast cancer patients with central obesity have a high prevalence of ___?
Metabolic syndrome.
How does physical activity help to reduce breast cancer risk?
Reduce sex hormone levels
Reduce insulin resistance
Reduce inflammation
Strengthen the immune system
Example of SERM?
Tamoxifen
Raloxifene
Fluvestrant
T/F: Triple negative breast cancer is the easiest to treat?
Fasle
What medication is used to treat HER2 breast cancer?
Herceptin (Trastuzumab)
