Chapter 8; Enzymes Flashcards
Define Enzyme
Biological Catalyst (speeds up chemical reactions)
Law of Conservation
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but transformed from one type to another
Entropy
Measure of disorder (loss of E) H= G+TS
H =
Enthalpy (total heat) of total Energy (E)
G=
Free Energy
S =
Entropy (unusable E)
T =
Absolute temp. in Kelvin (K)
Exergonic
- E. Liberated
- not fast
- free E change
Endergonic
- NOT spontaneous
- Requires ADDITION of free energy
Catalyst
Speeds up chem. reaction w/o being consumed by reaction
Enzyme
Protein catalyst in living cells
Ribozymes
RNA molecules w/ catalytic properties
Activation Energy
Initial E input to start reaction
Strain Bonds
easier to achieve transition state
Lowering activation E (x3)
- Strain Bonds
- Position Reactants
- Change local environment
Active Site
where reaction takes place
Substrate
reactants which bind to active site
Enzyme Substrate Complex
formed when enzyme and substrate bind
Substrate Binding
enzymes have high affinity for substrates
Metabolism
ALL chemical reactions which occur in a cell
Catabolic Pathway
exergonic breakdown of molecules
Anabolic Pathways
Promote synthesis and are ENDERGONIC
Catabolic Reactions
Breakdown of reactants
2 ways energy is stored
- ATP (chemical E)
- NADH (electron carrier)
