Bio LAB MidTerm

Question 1

Independent Variable

Answer 1

What is controlled in the experiment (used to test dependent)

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

What is being tested by scientist

Question 3

Negative Control

Answer 3

The result shows the effect of the absence of a variable

Question 4

Postive Control

Answer 4

The presence of variable gives a positive result

Question 5

Steps of a HYPOTHESIS

Answer 5

Observation
Form Hypothesis
Test idea
Interpret Results
Form Conclusion

Question 6

Characteristics of a “True Test”

Answer 6

1. Falsifiable (able to fail)
2. Testable
3. Measurable

Question 7

x3 Metric measurements

Mass/Length/volume

Answer 7

Mass= cc (cubic centimeter)
Length= cm3
Volume = ml

Question 8

Define a Buffer

Answer 8

Substance which resists changes in pH

Question 9

What is pH?

Answer 9

Hydrogen Ion Concentration (0-14)

Question 10

x4 Macromolecules

Answer 10

1. Lipids
2. Carbohydrates
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Proteins

Question 11

Benedicts Reagent

Answer 11

• Tests ‘reducing sugars’

- Blue –> (heat) —> yellow/orange/green/red

Question 12

Biurette reagent

Answer 12

• Whole proteins (w/ peptide bond)

- Blue —–> Dark Purple

Question 13

Ninhydrin

Answer 13

• Free Amino Acids
• clear —–> Purple
• • Tests All except Purine**

Question 14

Lugols (iodine / K+)

Answer 14

• Polysaccharides (eg. Starch)

- Yellow/brown —-> Black/ dark Purple

Question 15

Anabolic Reactions

Answer 15

Formation of macromolecules from smaller components

Dehydration/ Condensation RXN

Question 16

Catabolic RXN’s

Answer 16

Splitting apart Macromolecules

hydrolysis

Question 17

2 Types of Microscope

Answer 17

1. Dissecting (Large/ Opaque specimen)

2. Compound (Smal / Translucent specimen)

Question 18

Compound RED ob. lens

Answer 18

10 x 4

- Scanning Lens

Question 19

Yellow Ob. Lens

Answer 19

10x 10

- Low

Question 20

Blue Ob. Lens

Answer 20

10 x 40

- High and Dry

Question 21

White Ob. Lens

Answer 21

10 x 100

- Immersion Oil (reverse effects of refraction)

Question 22

“Focus Up”

Answer 22

Bring stage all the way down and bring slide up until into coarse focus

Question 23

Par-focal Lens

Answer 23

Focus @ one magnification will be close to focused at next level of magnification

Question 24

What expands the field of view?

Answer 24

decreasing magnification

Question 25

Depth of Field

Answer 25

how much of specimen is in focus @ a specific magnification

* Depth of Field decreases with increasing magnification**

Question 26

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 26

• Nucleus
• Linear Chromosomes
• Division by Mitosis
• Larger by comparison

Question 27

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 27

• No membrane bound nucleus
• Circular Chromosomes
• Divide by binary fission
• smaller (arches/ bacteria)

Question 28

Diffusion

Answer 28

Movement of any given molecule along concentration Gradient

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

Movement of water along concentration gradient