CH 2 Basic Chemistry & CH3 Flashcards
Matter
Contains mass & occupies space
Energy
NOT matter, can do WORK
smallest functional units of matter…
Atoms
*** Protons
- Positive
- Found in Nucleus
- Has mass and gives IDENTITY
- p+
**** Neutrons
- No charge
- found in nucleus and has mass
- n 0
*** Electrons
- Negative charge
- no mass, found in orbit
- gives REACTIVITY
- n-
Atomic Number
= to # of protons in atom
Atomic Mass
Protons + Neutons
Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
atoms relative mass compared to other atoms (p+ + n0)
Dalton
= to amu, g/mole = macroscopic
Mole
1 mole is the same number of atoms for every element
Avogadros #
6.022x10^23 (No)
Isotopes
different forms of an element with different # of neutrons
**Covalent Bonds
- SHARING electrons
- relatively weak bond
- most common in LIVING matter
Polar Covalent
Unequal sharing of electrons
partial + and partial - end of a molecule
*****Ionic Bond
- TRANSFER of an electron
- Relatively strong bond
**** Metallic bond
- Sharing AND a transfer
- Strongest bond
- Some electrons can move (conductivity)
*** Octet rule
Atoms stable when outer shell is FULL (x8)
Cations
Positive Charge Ions
Anions
Negatively charged Ions
*** Electronegativity
An atoms attraction to electrons within a chemical bond
Hydrogen Bonds
NOT chemical bond
- intermolecular attraction
Chemical Reactions;
Reactants —> Products
*** Solvent
Material that does the dissolving
