CH1 Scientific Thinking Flashcards
All LIFE is based on…
cels
all life acquires ENERGY from environment thru…
Metabolism
All life is able to…
REPRODUCE independently
Atoms
1 smallest form of matter
Molecules
aka. macromolecules = collection of atoms
Cells
Collections / assembles of MACROMOLECULES
Tissues
Collection of cells
Organ
Collection of different tissues
Organism
Collection of organs
Population
collection of organisms of the same species (Family)
Community
collection of populations of different species (town/city)
EcoSystem
Collection of different communities (country)
Biosphere
Collection of all ecosystems on EARTH
Life on earth began … yrs. ago
3.5 - 4 Billion
Vertical Decent
- Most common
- progression of change in a lineage
- New species evolve from pre-existing species
- accumulation of mutations
- NATURAL SELECTION
*** Horizontal Gene transfer
- ** Genetic exchange between different species (MRSA)
- Relatively rare
Taxonomy
Grouping species based on common ancestry
*** Bacteria
*** Unicellular PROkaryote
*** Archea
*** Unicellular PROkaryote
*** Eukarya
*** Uni - Multi cellular
x4 Kingdoms
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantea
- Animalia
Binomial Nomenclature
*** Genus : Name Capitalized
specific epithet not capitalized
BOTH italicized
eg. HOMO sapien
***Genome
The complete genetic makeup of an organism
- All DNA present in one cell
Genomics
Techniques used to analyze DNA
*** Proteomes
complete sum of proteins that a cell can make
*****Gene Expression (CENTRAL DOGMA)
DNA—> RNA –> PROTEINS –> TRAITS
*** Hypothesis
Proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon
- NARROW IN SCOPE
*** Theory
Broad Generalization of an aspect of the natural world substantiated by a large body of evidence
- REPEATEDLY TESTED
*** Law / Principle
Universal truth considered correct under ALL conditions
- ALWAYS VALID
2 Approaches to testing:
- discovery Based science (observation)
2. Hypothesis testing (experimentation)
** STEPS OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Oh Hell To All Cats
- Make Observations
- Form Hypothesis
- Test Hypothesis
- Analyze Data
- Form Conclusion
*** Treatment
any experimental condition applied
*** Experimental Group
group exposed to treatment
*** Control Group
Group Identical to exp. group but not exposed to treatment
*** Variables
characteristics of experimental system subject to change
*** Statistics
analytical & and mathematical tools giving understanding to the data gathered