CH 5 Macromolecules Flashcards
Carb. Building block
Monosaccharides (monomer)
Carb. Monosaccharides
- Glucose (blood sugar)
- Fructose (fruit sugar)
- Galactose (part of milk sugar)
***** Disaccharide Linkage
Glycosidic bond
Common Disaccharides
- Sucrose (table sugar)
- Lactose (milk sugar)
- Maltose (Brewers sugar)
Polysaccharide functions (x2)
- Energy Storage
2. Structural Role
Poly. E Storage
starch / glycogen with ALPHA glycosidic bonds
- Easily digestable
Poly. Structural role
- BETA glycosidic bonds (hard to digest)
- cellulose/ chitin
Lipid Building block/ monomer
Fatty acids
x3 classes of Lipids;
Triglycerides/ Phospholipids / Sterols
Triglycerides
- AKA fats/ oils
- glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
Carbons linked w/ ONE covalent bond
- Animal sourced
- Fats; SOLID @ room temp.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
1+ double bond
- Plant sources
- Oil; Liquid @ room temp.
- Cis double bond = natural
- Trans = manmade
Phospholipid Properties
Amphipathic :
- Hydrophilic phosphate head
- Hydrophobic fatty acid tail
Sterols
Increase membrane rigidity
** Protein bonds
2 amino acids join forming a peptide bone
- dehydration / condensation reaction
Protein Make up (start- end)
N terminus ( amino end) ——> Carboxyl end ( C terminus )
5 factors promoting protein folding
HD HIV
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Ionic attraction
- Hydrophobic effects
- Van der Waals Forces
- Di-Sulphide bridges
Protein - Protein Interactions (4 principle forces)
- Hydrogen Bonds
- Hydrophobic attractions
- Ionic attraction
- Van Der Waals Forces
DNA purpose
Store genetic Info
RNA purpose
Form polypeptide chains
Nucleotide composition:
- Phosphate group
- Pentose sugar ( 5-C sugar)
- Nitrogenous base
DNA vs. RNA
DNA stable
DNA double stranded
Deoxyribose = hard to degrade (Ribose easy)
