Chapter 8: Energy and Enzymes Flashcards
What does +G mean?
Rxn requires energy input. Products have higher energy. Endergonic rxn. Anabolic rxn
Loss of electrons
Oxidation
How do changes from equilibrium occur?
Any change requires energy and therefore systems at equilibrium never spontaneously move away from equilibrium
What would happen if ATP couldn’t be regenerated?
We would use our body weight in ATP everyday
2nd law of thermodynamics
Every energy transformation or transfer increases the entropy (disorder/randomness) of the universe
Study of the energy of transformations that occur in a collection of matter
Thermodynamics
What is free energy?
Portion of a system’s energy that can perform work
What does equilibrium mean?
State of maximum stability. Lowest possible G value.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy of motion
How much ATP does a working muscle cell use?
10 million molecules of ATP consumed and regenerated per second
What do the exergonic rxns from ATP provide?
Necessary energy. Cellular respiration. Light energy
What phosphate is broken off of ATP to produce energy?
The terminal phosphate (end)
What is energy?
The capacity to do work
How is heat related to KE and molecules?
Heat causes molecules to move faster. It is associated with the random movement of molecules
What does -G mean?
Rxn is spontaneous and energetically favorable. Products have lower energy. Loss of energy and final state is more stable. Exergonic rxn. Catabolic rxn
Gain electrons
Reduction
How do biological processes follow the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
The majority of energy in rxns is lost to heat so even though our entropy is decreasing, the universes is increasing due to most of the energy being lost to heat
What is metabolism?
All of the chem rxns that occur within an organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life
How are bonds between phosphate groups broken?
Hydrolysis
What do anabolic rxns do?
Use energy to build complex molecules
What type of rxn is the use and creation of ATP overall?
Exergonic
What is potential energy?
Energy stored in position
What type of phosphate must be added to ADP to create ATP
Inorganic phosphate
What type of rxn is the creation of ATP?
Endergonic
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred/transformed but not destroyed (conservation of energy)
What do catabolic rxns do?
Breakdown complex molecules and release energy
What type of rxn is the use of ATP?
Exergonic
What is chemical potential energy?
PE available for release in a chem rxn (the breakdown of food)
What is energy coupling?
Use of exergonic rxns to drive endergonic rxns. Cycle that keeps the cell running
Is ADP or ATP more stable?
ADP
What does the transfer of e- cause?
Release of stored energy in organic molecules
