Chapter 8: Energy and Enzymes

Question 1

What does +G mean?

Answer 1

Rxn requires energy input. Products have higher energy. Endergonic rxn. Anabolic rxn

Question 2

Loss of electrons

Answer 2

Oxidation

Question 3

How do changes from equilibrium occur?

Answer 3

Any change requires energy and therefore systems at equilibrium never spontaneously move away from equilibrium

Question 4

What would happen if ATP couldn’t be regenerated?

Answer 4

We would use our body weight in ATP everyday

Question 5

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

Every energy transformation or transfer increases the entropy (disorder/randomness) of the universe

Question 6

Study of the energy of transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Answer 6

Thermodynamics

Question 7

What is free energy?

Answer 7

Portion of a system’s energy that can perform work

Question 8

What does equilibrium mean?

Answer 8

State of maximum stability. Lowest possible G value.

Question 9

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 9

Energy of motion

Question 10

How much ATP does a working muscle cell use?

Answer 10

10 million molecules of ATP consumed and regenerated per second

Question 11

What do the exergonic rxns from ATP provide?

Answer 11

Necessary energy. Cellular respiration. Light energy

Question 12

What phosphate is broken off of ATP to produce energy?

Answer 12

The terminal phosphate (end)

Question 13

What is energy?

Answer 13

The capacity to do work

Question 14

How is heat related to KE and molecules?

Answer 14

Heat causes molecules to move faster. It is associated with the random movement of molecules

Question 15

What does -G mean?

Answer 15

Rxn is spontaneous and energetically favorable. Products have lower energy. Loss of energy and final state is more stable. Exergonic rxn. Catabolic rxn

Question 16

Gain electrons

Answer 16

Reduction

Question 17

How do biological processes follow the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

Answer 17

The majority of energy in rxns is lost to heat so even though our entropy is decreasing, the universes is increasing due to most of the energy being lost to heat

Question 18

What is metabolism?

Answer 18

All of the chem rxns that occur within an organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life

Question 19

How are bonds between phosphate groups broken?

Answer 19

Hydrolysis

Question 20

What do anabolic rxns do?

Answer 20

Use energy to build complex molecules

Question 21

What type of rxn is the use and creation of ATP overall?

Answer 21

Exergonic

Question 22

What is potential energy?

Answer 22

Energy stored in position

Question 23

What type of phosphate must be added to ADP to create ATP

Answer 23

Inorganic phosphate

Question 24

What type of rxn is the creation of ATP?

Answer 24

Endergonic

Question 25

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 25

Energy can be transferred/transformed but not destroyed (conservation of energy)

Question 26

What do catabolic rxns do?

Answer 26

Breakdown complex molecules and release energy

Question 27

What type of rxn is the use of ATP?

Answer 27

Exergonic

Question 28

What is chemical potential energy?

Answer 28

PE available for release in a chem rxn (the breakdown of food)

Question 29

What is energy coupling?

Answer 29

Use of exergonic rxns to drive endergonic rxns. Cycle that keeps the cell running

Question 30

Is ADP or ATP more stable?

Answer 30

ADP

Question 31

What does the transfer of e- cause?

Answer 31

Release of stored energy in organic molecules