Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 1113 > Chapter 19: Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Interact with the TATA box, other proteins, and RNA polymerase to form transcription initiation complex

A

General transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Different cell types express different subsets fo genes

A

Differential gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Far away from the promoter (can be upstream, downstream, or in an intron)

A

Enhancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do HDACs (histone deacetylases) do?

A

Takes acetyl groups off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Strongly increase or decrease transcription rate

A

Specific transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can histones be modified?

A

The addition or removal of specific chemical groups to histone tails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Loosens DNA coiling with HATs and HDACs

A

Acetylation (-COCH3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most eukaryotic genes have associated segments of noncoding DNA that serve as binding sites for proteins to start transcription

A

Regulatory sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Study of changes in gene expression not due to change in DNA sequence

A

Epigenetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What percentage of protein coding genes are expressed by cells in humans?

A

About 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of regulatory sequences?

A

Promoter-proximal elements and enhancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do transcription factors do?

A

Bring everything together to form transcription initiation complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can recruit proteins for chromatin remodeling

A

Specific transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Have a low rate of transcription

A

General transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do different cell types have for gene expression?

A

Different activators and repressors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does acetylation of histones do to DNA?

A

Promotes loose chromatin structure that permits transcription

17
Q

What can epigenetics explain?

A

The differences seen in identical twins and why one expresses traits and the other doesn’t or why one develops a disease and the other doesn’t

18
Q

What do chromatin modifications do and not do?

A

Do not change the DNA sequence but may be passed on to future generations

19
Q

What do genes with related functions that need to be expressed coordinately share?

A

A specific combo of control elements

20
Q

What do all cells express?

A

Different genes from each other depending on their function

21
Q

What does regulation of gene expression depend on?

A

The combination of control elements

22
Q

What happens in DNA methylation?

A

Adds methyl groups (-CH3) to cytosine (C) residues that trigger chromatin to condense

23
Q

What can influence methylation?

A

Environmental factors

24
Q

What do HATs (histone acetyltansferases) do?

A

Transfer acetyl groups to histones

25
Q

What do errors in remodeling after histone modification lead to?

A

Many different diseases including cancer

26
Q

Two types of specific transcription factors that strongly increase or decrease transcription rate

A

Activators and repressors

27
Q

What can methylated genes cause?

A

Play a role in cancer development

28
Q

Regulatory sequences which can inhibit transcription

A

Silencers

29
Q

What does condensed chromatin cause?

A

Genes to not be expressed bc transcription cant occur bc the DNA is too tightly wound

30
Q

How is gene expression controlled in eukaryotes?

A

At many levels in different ways. The farther along you get, the more energy and resources the cell has to use

31
Q

Bind to regulatory sequences

A

Specific transcription factors

32
Q

What must happen for a gene to be expressed (transcribed)?

A

The cellular machinery must be able to access it

33
Q

What is DNA wrapped around?

A

Histones

34
Q

What do methyl groups added to histones cause?

A

DNA that is more tightly packed together

35
Q

Loosens DNA coiling

A

Phosphorylation (PO4)

36
Q

Tightens DNA coiling

A

Methylation (CH3)

37
Q

What do activators do?

A

Appropriate activators bind to the control elements regardless of where the gene is in the genome

38
Q

What usually happens when a gene is methylated?

A

It usually remains that way through successive rounds of division and can occur throughout life due to environmental factors

39
Q

Essential for the transcription of all protein coding genes

A

General transcription factors

Bio 1113 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions