Chapter 5: Carbohydrates Flashcards
Aldehyde (altose)
What is the rarest version of the sugars?
Oligosaccharides
What are the three glycogen storage disorders?
Pompe disease (accumulation of glycogen in lysosome), Anderson’s disease (abnormal glycogen builds up), and von Gierke’s disease (can’t break down glycogen to release glucose)
What does the dehydration rxn between two monosaccharides form?
Glycosidic linkages
What two sugars are associated with starch?
Amylose and amylopectin
What is cellulose?
A structural polysaccharide made of beta-glucose molecules joined by 1-4 glycosidic linkages and it never branches
What are the three structural polysaccharides?
Chitin, peptidoglycan, and cellulose
Why do plants store glucose?
They lose their leaves and can’t go through photosynthesis so they rely on storage
What is the difference between starch and glycogen?
Glycogen is highly branched and strach is not. Starch is in plants and glycogen is in animals
What is the key characteristic of polysaccharide structure?
A few hundred to thousands of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages
What is peptidoglycan?
A structural polysaccharide with amino acids attached to it
What are carbohydrates often the starting point for?
Other molecules like amino acids and nucleic acids
Glycosidic linkage
How can animals, like cows, break down cellulose?
They have microorganisms in their gut that break it down
Blood type O-
Universal donor
What is the storage polysaccharide for animals?
Glycogen
Alpha-glucose
What are the two purposes of polysaccharides?
Storage and structure
What sugar is fuel for the brain and the brain has a process to create it by itself?
Glucose
What do glucose and fructose make?
Sucrose
What is cellulose also referred to as?
Dietary fiber
Why can we get energy (calories) from starch but not cellulose?
We don’t have an enzyme to break down cellulose like we have one for starch. Even though they are similar, enzymes are very specific