Chapter 2: Chemistry of life Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it easy to dissolve things in water?

A

Water is polar and able to form hydrogen bonds with ions and polar molecules

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2
Q
A

Hydroxyl group

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3
Q

These participate in chemical reactions in a predictable manner and can cause a drastic change in function

A

Functional groups

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4
Q

The ability to absorb or release large amounts of heat with only a slight change in temperature. How difficult it is to heat up

A

Specific heat

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5
Q

What element is in almost all molecules of living organisms (except water)?

A

Carbon

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6
Q

Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms

A

Isomers

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7
Q

Adhesion

A

When water clings to the substance of another surface

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8
Q

Why is ice less dense than liquid water?

A

When the hydrogen bonds become more stable, there is more room for air to come in which leads to lower density

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9
Q

This element has four valence electrons which allows it to make four different bonds

A

Carbon

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10
Q

How is aquatic life able to survive in the winter?

A

The top layer freezes to ice and floats because it is less dense, thus creating an insulation layer for the aquatic life

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11
Q

These are critical in the pharmaceutical industry

A

Enantiomers

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12
Q

Why does water expand when it’s frozen?

A

The hydrogen bonds become stable and form a lattice-like structure

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13
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules interact with each other due to h-bonding to create things like surface tension and a dome on a penny

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14
Q

These have different biological properties but the same molecular formula

A

Isomers

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15
Q
A

Phosphate group

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16
Q
A

Methyl group

17
Q

Why do places close to a large body of water not have a large temperature fluctuation?

A

Water absorbs the heat from the sun during the day and releases it back into the atmosphere at night

18
Q
A

Sulfhydryl group

19
Q

Thalidomide isomer example

A

One form worked well as a sedative and the other causes severe birth defects

20
Q
A

Amino group

21
Q

What are the temperatures of areas with close by bodies of water compared to areas with no bodies of water?

A

The areas with bodies of water are cooler

22
Q
A

Carboxyl group

23
Q

These isomers are mirror images of each other (like right and left hands)

A

Enantiomers

24
Q

What is waters importance in our bodies?

A

Ions, salts, and other important molecules in us occur in aqueous environments to help facilitate reactions

25
Why is water polar
Oxygen is more electronegative and pulls the electrons from the hydrogen to it creating partial positive and partial negative charges
26
This allows water to absorb a lot of heat without changes its temperature a lot
High specific heat
27
Carbonyl group
28
The two "x's" are on the same side in this isomer
Cis isomer
29
The two "x's" are on opposite sides in this isomer
Trans isomer