Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 1113 > Chapter 7: Inside the Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Inside the Cell Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the types of endocytosis?

A

Receptor-mediated, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Modifies, stores, and ships proteins. Adds molecular tags to proteins bound for secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Can bacteria be photosynthetic?

A

Yes, some species have membranes that fold in leading to photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have?

A

Ribosomes, plasma membrane, DNA, some organelles, some have cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do microfilaments (actin) do?

A

Muscle contraction and cell division (cleavage furrow formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do different spots in the Golgi do to proteins?

A

They modify them as they pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the endomembrane do?

A

Protein synthesis, transport, metabolism, synthesis of lipids, detoxification of poisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Centers for redox reactions. Produce H2O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do bound ribosomes do? (bound to cytoplasm)

A

Make proteins which will be inserted into membranes or secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does transport within the cell occur? (into and out of nucleus)

A

Nuclear transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is it important lysosomes can only function in acidic conditions?

A

It ensures they can’t go everywhere and digest every organelle in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does all protein synthesis start?

A

Free ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

Complexes of RNA and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the Golgi take in and release proteins?

A

Proteins leave the RER and go into Golgi in vesicle and the membrane of the Golgi forms a vesicle around proteins for them to be secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is special about a eukaryotes nucleus?

A

It is a true nucleus meaning it has a nuclear membrane that separates the DNA from the rest of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do drugs effect the SER?

A

Drugs cause the cell to make more SER and more SER means you will need more drugs to have an effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens when lysosomes stop working?

A

Lipids build up and kill brain cells. A drug is needed to get the proper enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How large are eukaryotic cells?

A

0.005 - 0.1 mm (5-100 micrometers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What organelle is continuous with the plasma membrane?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathway for a synthesized protein that will be secreted by the cell

A

Free ribosome, bound ribosome, RER, Golgi, vesicle, cell membrane, out of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the rough ER do? (studded with ribosomes)

A

Proteins destined for secretions shipped to other organelles or embedded in membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the growing polypeptide go when it is being secreted into the ER?

A

ER lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

Produce H2O2, contain catalase which breaks down H2O2, breakdown fatty acids, and detoxify alcohol and other toxic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Plants, animals, fungi, protists are this

A

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Carry out protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is contained in mitochondria?

A

Their own DNA and ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This helps maintain the shape of the nuclear membrane and helps its structure

A

Nuclear lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do free ribosomes do? (free in cytoplasm)

A

Make proteins which will function in the cytosol (inside the cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

In plants, they are the site of photosynthesis. They take energy from the sun and turn it to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What conditions do enzymes function best in?

A

Acidic conditions

31
Q

How many cells are in the human body?

A

50-90 trillion, though it is difficult to be sure. They would circle the Earth 4.5 times if they were lined up

32
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

Nuclear membrane

33
Q

How do cells stay organized inside?

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

What does the nuclear membrane contain?

A

Nuclear pores that control entry and exit

35
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

Stacks of membranous sacs that aren’t physically connected

36
Q

How is volume calculated for a cell?

A

(4/3)pir^3

37
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Membranous sac of enzymes that digest macromolecules

38
Q

How are molecules that need to get in the nucleus tagged?

A

Nuclear localization sequence (NLS)

39
Q

What do signal peptides mark on proteins?

A

Proteins meant for endomembrane system or secretion

40
Q

How does the cell distinguish what proteins are destined for the nucleus?

A

Specific amino acid sequences on the proteins

41
Q

What is inside the nucleus?

A

DNA

42
Q

Are ribosomes technically organelles and why?

A

No, because they aren’t surrounded by membrane

43
Q

What diseases can come from mitochondria?

A

Diseases associated with mitochondrion DNA that usually deal with cellular respiration

44
Q

What do prokaryotes have instead of a nucleus?

A

Nucleoid

45
Q

How large are bacterial cells?

A

Less than 0.003 mm (3 micrometers)

46
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers in the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules, microfilaments (actin), and intermediate filaments

47
Q

What would happen if a cell got too large?

A

There wouldn’t be enough surface area (membrane) to let everything pass

48
Q

What do intermediate filaments do?

A

Anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles and formation of nuclear lamina (maintains nucleus shape so it doesn’t collapse)

49
Q

What types of cells are a lot of ribosomes found in?

A

Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis like pancreatic cells (few million ribosomes)

50
Q

What happens in mitochondria?

A

Cellular respiration (produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP)

51
Q

What two organelles can replicate independently of the cell

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

52
Q

What type of membrane do mitochondrion have?

A

Double membrane. Smooth outer membrane with inner membrane with lots of folds to increase surface area

53
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Engulfing solid particles and breaking them down

54
Q

What do microtubules (tubular polymers) do?

A

Cell motility (as in cilia or flagella) and chromosome movements in cell division (pull the chromosomes apart)

55
Q

How are large molecules that are too big to come in through membrane proteins brought into the cell?

A

Endocytosis

56
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

Synthesis of rRNA and assembly of ribosome subunits

57
Q

How are molecules that need to get out of the nucleus tagged?

A

Nuclear export sequence (NES)

58
Q

What do signal-recognition particles (SRP) do?

A

Escort free ribosomes to the ER membrane to become bound ribosomes

59
Q

Eukaryotes are more complex than prokaryotes because…

A

The have more organelles and a wider variety of organelles

60
Q

What is in the endomembrane system?

A

Plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, S and R ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles/vacuoles

61
Q

How are proteins secreted?

A

Exocytosis

62
Q

What does dividing into a lot of smaller units do to the surface area?

A

It increases it

63
Q

What is contained in chloroplasts?

A

Their own DNA and ribosomes as well as chlorophyll

64
Q

Where are mitochondria mostly inherited from?

A

Mostly from mom but also from dad

65
Q

How is surface area calculated for a cell?

A

SA = 4pir^2

66
Q

What type of membrane do chloroplasts have?

A

Double membrane

67
Q

What is autophagy?

A

Recycling the cell’s own organic material

68
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do?

A

Structure (maintains the cell shape and anchors cellular components) and motility (cellular movement and cellular highways for proteins to walk organelles along)

69
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

As we get more cells, we need more ways to take in and get rid of things, so more cells give access to taking in more and disposing of more

70
Q

What does the smooth ER do? (lacks ribosomes)

A

Lipid processing and synthesis, storage of Ca ions and Ca pump to RER to create concentration gradient, detoxification of drugs and poisons

71
Q

Bacteria and archaea are this

A

Prokaryotes

72
Q

What does increased mitochondrial density lead to

A

Increased athletic performance

73
Q

How are molecules inside the cell digested?

A

Lysosomes break them down to building blocks to they are recycled

74
Q

What do many smaller cells provide over one larger cell?

A

A greater surface area to volume ratio

Bio 1113 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions