Chapter 8 Drugs to Know

Question 1

Opium

Answer 1

Pure opioid agonist, naturally derived

Question 2

Morphine

Answer 2

Pure opioid agonist, naturally derived

Question 3

Codeine

Answer 3

Pure opioid agonist, naturally derived

Question 4

Meperidine (Demerol)

Answer 4

pure opioid agonist, first synthetically derived opioid

Question 5

Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lortab)

Answer 5

Pure opioid agonist

Question 6

Oxycodone (OxyContin)

Answer 6

pure opioid agonist, twice as potent as hydrocodone

Question 7

methadone

Answer 7

pure opioid agonist, used for detoxification and chronic pain management

Question 8

fentanyl (Sublimaze)

Answer 8

pure opioid agonist, most popular synthetic potent opioid administered in clinics and hospitals…100 times more potent than morphine

Question 9

sufentanil (Sufenta)

Answer 9

pure opioid agonist, 1000 times more potent than morphine and 10 times more potent than fentanyl

Question 10

buprenorphine (Buprenex)

Answer 10

partial agonist/antagonist, AKA “mixed” agonist/antagonist, used in withdrawal from narcotic addiction and in treating migraine headaches

Question 11

ketamine

Answer 11

k-receptor (kappa receptor) agonist, strongest pain reliever we know of (other than unconsciousness in general anesthesia

Question 12

Ultram (tramadol)

Answer 12

we don’t know how it really works but it is very popular as an alternative to strong opioids, only has a very mild opioid effect

Question 13

aspirin (acetylsalicylic, Bayer aspirin)

Answer 13

NSAID

Question 14

magnesium salicylate (Doan’s pills)

Answer 14

NSAID

Question 15

sodium salicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

Answer 15

NSAID

Question 16

Alka Seltzer

Answer 16

NSAID, combination of aspirin and sodium bicarbonate (antacid to protect and settle the stomach), effervescent tablet dissolved in water

Question 17

ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

Answer 17

if prescription strength, NSAID’s

Question 18

naproxen

Answer 18

NSAID’s; Aleve (OTC), Naprosyn (prescription strength)

Question 19

ketoprofen

Answer 19

NSAID; Orudis, OTC competitor of Aleve and Advil

Question 20

ketorolac

Answer 20

NSAID; Toradol - only by prescription, has shown equal analgesia to I.M. morphine in some studies of postoperative pain

Question 21

celecoxib (Celebrex)

Answer 21

NSAID w/more specific action; the only cox-2 inhibitor still on the US market after rofecoxib (Vioxx) and valdecoxib (Bextra) were withdrawn in 2004-2005

Question 22

acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Answer 22

non narcotic analgesic, not sure of its exact mechanism of action, for now we will call it an NSAID

Question 23

Excedrin

Answer 23

Combination product of aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine

Question 24

caffeine

Answer 24

methylxanthine-chocolate-type drug with bronchodilator properties, discussed in Ch. 15 w/pulmonary

Question 25

Tylenol w/codeine

Answer 25

combination product, schedule III drug #3 has 325 mg acetaminophen & 30 mg codeine per tablet #4 has 325 mg acetaminophen & 60 mg codeine per tablet codeine in cough syrups, schedule V drug depending on strength

Question 26

Vicodin

Answer 26

combination product, acetaminophen, hydrocodone | schedule III drugs

Question 27

Lortab

Answer 27

combination product; acetaminophen, hydrocodone | schedule III drug

Question 28

Vicoprofen

Answer 28

combination product; hydrocodone, ibuprofen | schedule III narcotic + an NSAID

Question 29

Percocet

Answer 29

combination product; acetaminophen, oxycodone | schedule II drug

Question 30

propranolol

Answer 30

nontraditional pain reliever, beta blocker

Question 31

verapamil

Answer 31

nontraditional pain reliever, calcium channel blocker

Question 32

amitriptyline (Elavil)

Answer 32

nontraditional pain reliever, tricyclic antidepressant

Question 33

ergotamine

Answer 33

nontraditional pain reliever, ergot alkaloid - a very potent vasoconstrictor

Question 34

Prozac (fluoxetine)

Answer 34

nontraditional pain reliever, SSRI and SNRI antidepressants

Question 35

duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Answer 35

nontraditional pain reliever, SSRI and SNRI antidepressants

Question 36

pregabalin (Lyrica)

Answer 36

nontraditional pain reliever; anticonvulsant, marketed for fibromyalgia

Question 37

prednisone

Answer 37

nontraditional pain reliever; corticosteroid, decreases inflammation and therefor helps with pain

Question 38

lidocaine (Lidoderm patch)

Answer 38

nontraditional pain reliever; local anesthetic

Question 39

Capsaicin

Answer 39

nontraditional pain reliever; naturally occurring substance found in chili peppers, used in topical creams to "deplete" pain chemicals at the site of injury

Question 40

sumatriptan (Imitrex)

Answer 40

nontraditional pain reliever; triptan serotonin agonists (5-HT1B agonists)