Chapter 7 Drugs To Know

Question 1

bethanechol

Answer 1

Ach-like, parasympathetic action(parasympathomimetic), long duration of action. Used to treat urinary retention & gastrointestinal atony, or lack of muscular tone (poop & pee) - parasympathetic (cholinergic) agonist

Question 2

parasympathetic

Answer 2

parasympathomimetic

Question 3

parasympathomimetic

Answer 3

mimics the action of parasympathetic “outflow” or nerve action

Question 4

atropine

Answer 4

prototype of the group - parasympathetic (cholinergic) antagonist

Question 5

scopolamine

Answer 5

similar to atropine, derived from the belladona plant in Italy - parasympathetic (cholinergic) antagonist.

Question 6

Ditropan

Answer 6

blocks Ach receptors, usually prescribed for overactive bladders. Anticholinergic effects lessen bladder & bowel spasms. Stops too much poop & pee. Typical side effect is a dry mouth. Parasympathetic (cholinergic) antagonist

Question 7

curare

Answer 7

amazonian dart poison, blocks nicotinic Ach receptor that makes skeletal muscle move. Causes paralysis. Cholinergic receptor antagonist.

Question 8

epinephrine

Answer 8

prototype adrenergic receptor agonist - sympathetic adrenergic agonist

Question 9

norepinephrine

Answer 9

prototype adrenergic receptor agonist - sympathetic adrenergic agonist

Question 10

albuterol

Answer 10

beta-2 agonist used in inhalers to treat asthma - sympathetic adrenergic agonist

Question 11

dopamine/dobutamine

Answer 11

catechol (catecholamine) adrenergic receptor agonists

Question 12

non-catecholamine adrenergic receptor agonist

Answer 12

cocaine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, amphetamine - sympathetic agonists that don’t contain the catechol structure as part of their chemical makeup

Question 13

Inderal

Answer 13

beta-blocker propranolol - sympathetic (adrenergic) antagonist

Question 14

epinephrine/norepinephrine

Answer 14

source-both, sympathetic action, adrenergic receptor (alpha, beta-1 & 2), agonist - raises blood pressure and heart rate, dilates lungs and pupils, increases blood flow to muscles and brain

Question 15

acetylcholine

Answer 15

source-natural, parasympathetic action, cholinergic (nicotinic & muscarinic), agonist - lowers blood pressure and heart rate, constricts lungs and pupils, increases blood flow to the digestive tract and kidneys, activates salivation

Question 16

bethanechol

Answer 16

source-drug, parasympathetic action, cholinergic (muscarinic), agonist - one fo the few cholinergic agonist on the market that is not a poisonous nerve gas

Question 17

antihistamines/diphenhydramine(Benadryl)

Answer 17

source-drug, parasympathetic action, cholinergic (muscarinic), antagonist - as a side-effect, many antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiparkinson drugs cause dry mouth and constipation

Question 18

curare

Answer 18

source-natural, somatic action, cholinergic(nicotinic), antagonist - antagonism of nicotinic-Ach rc on skeletal muscle results in neuromuscular blockade - a TRUE muscle relaxant

Question 19

Ditropan(oxybutynin)

Answer 19

source-drug, parasympathetic action, cholinergic (muscarinic), antagonist - developed as a specific antagonist for muscarinic-Ach receptor in the bladder. Is supposed to suppress bladder spasm without causing too much dry mouth and constipation - doesn’t work that well

Question 20

albuterol

Answer 20

source-drug, sympathetic action, mostly beta-2 receptors, agonist - bronchodilator, without very much effect on heart rate

Question 21

propranolol

Answer 21

source-drug, sympathetic action, adrenergic (alpha, beta 1 & 2), antagonist - the first beta blocker developed in the 1960s