Chapter 10 Objectives

Question 1

Inflammation diseases that may require corticosteriods. (7)

Answer 1

Severe dermatitis, Lupus, Crohns, Anaphylaxis, Asthma, food allergy, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 2

Inflammation

Answer 2

Is the bodies normal, protective response.

Question 3

4 key features of inflammation

Answer 3

1. Hot, 2. red, 3. swollen, and 4. painful tissues, joints, and/or organs.

Question 4

Corticosteroids

Answer 4

group of steriodal hormones;

Question 5

Cholesterol and corticosteriods

Answer 5

All steroids are derived from cholesterol molecule.

Question 6

Cortisol

Answer 6

natural occurring corticosteroid. Produced in the outer part of the adrenal glands that sit on top of the kidney.

Question 7

Natural self-made steroids

Answer 7

Endocrine hormones, are exist in minuscule amounts circulating in the blood.

Question 8

Mechanism of action for corticosteroids

Answer 8

Very potent drugs that can be exogenously administered. (giving something into the body from “outside” the body)

Question 9

Corticosteriods

Answer 9

Inhibit the production of eicosanoids that are produced in the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. Inhibit all aspects of this pathway.

Question 10

Symptoms of long-term corticosteroid use

Answer 10

increased bruising and bleeding from platelet inhibition.

Question 11

1922

Answer 11

Dr. Banting was the first to extract insulin from a dog’s pancreas in this year.

Question 12

1953

Answer 12

The DNA structure was discovered by Francis Crick and James Watson.

Question 13

1955

Answer 13

Polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk

Question 14

1960’s

Answer 14

Kidney dialysis is feasible. Kidney dialysis was first done in 1924.

Question 15

1969

Answer 15

First heart transplant done in South Africa.

Question 16

1949

Answer 16

Synthesis of cortisone by Doctors at the Mayo Clinic.

Question 17

Short-term effect of corticosteroids

Answer 17

There are none but the long-term use has major side effects.

Question 18

long-term side effects

Answer 18

Fewer when applying the drug locally. Moon faces, truncal obesity, fluid retention, depression, sleep disorders, poor wound healing (see figure in slides)

Question 19

1949

Answer 19

Synthesis of cortisone by Doctors at the Mayo Clinic.

Question 20

Short-term effect of corticosteroids

Answer 20

There are none but the long-term use has major side effects.

Question 21

long-term side effects

Answer 21

Fewer when applying the drug locally. Moon faces, truncal obesity, fluid retention, depression, sleep disorders, poor wound healing (see figure in slides)

Question 22

Sex Steroids

Answer 22

Derived from cholesterol molecule. Group of male and female sex hormones that help with development of sexual characteristics and for libido.

Question 23

Sex Steroids (2)

Answer 23

No antiinflammatory properties, Also some are secreted by adrenal gland and others by the gonads (androgens and estrogens)

Question 24

Androgens (male sex hormones)

Answer 24

two common ones are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 25

Estrogens (female sex hormones)

Answer 25

Most important one is estradiol (E2) which is primarily produced by developing ovarian follicles.

Question 26

Anabolic Steroids

Answer 26

They change metabolism of body to favor building of tissue (anabolism). Mimic effects of testosterone and DHT.

Question 27

hGH (human Growth Hormone)

Answer 27

stimulates muscle growth, loss of fat, and increased glucose output from liver.

Question 28

Side Effects of anabolic steroids

Answer 28

aggressive behavior, decreased sperm counts, shrunken testes, baldness and (hirsutism (growth of facial hair) in women.)

Question 29

hGH

Answer 29

developed for children not growing properly, from either pituitary dwarfism or Growth hormone deficiency (GHD). It is protein based.

Question 30

abuse of hGH

Answer 30

acromegaly, joint dysfunction, acne, body odor, tongue obstructing the airway. Possible heart and liver damage.