Chapter 8 - Athabasca Quizz Flashcards
Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about the prototype approach to semantic memory?
Question options:
Elisabeth: “People store an abstract representation of each basic-level category.
Lester: “The prototype approach applies only to inanimate objects.”
Horatio: “The data on the semantic-priming effect are not consistent with the prototype approach.”
Joni: “Superordinate terms tend to activate different regions of the cortex from the regions activated by basic-level terms.”
Joni: “Superordinate terms tend to activate different regions of the cortex from the regions activated by basic-level terms.”
Suppose that you want to bring your car to a garage for repairs. This procedure requires you to call for an appointment, drive to the appropriate location, leave your keys, and arrange for a time when you will return for your car. Cognitive psychologists call this sequence of actions.
an exemplar.
a script.
a family resemblance.
a graded structure.
a script.
Suppose you are thinking about a male student whom you met during your first year of college. You can recall that he knew your high school English teacher, that he didn’t like his roommate, that he was average height and weight, and he wore glasses—but you cannot remember his name. This situation is an example of
Question options:
graceful degradation.
spontaneous generalization.
serial processing.
default assignment.
graceful degradation.
According to the network models of semantic memory,
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activation expands from the node that has been activated, extending outward to other related nodes.
only a small number of nodes are connected with other nodes.
nonprototypes are just as important as prototypes.
each item is compared with a prototype to determine the category to which it belongs.
activation expands from the node that has been activated, extending outward to other related nodes.
If you have just heard the word vegetable, you can quickly make judgements about the word carrot; in contrast, your judgments about the word mushroom take much longer. According to the prototype approach, this observation shows that
Question options:
family resemblance is stronger for prototypes than for nonprototypes.
prototypes are items that have the smallest number of connection weights.
after priming, people respond faster to prototypes than to nonprototypes.
basic-level categories are judged more quickly than superordinate-level categories.
after priming, people respond faster to prototypes than to nonprototypes.
The term semantic memory can be defined as
Question options:
events that happened in one’s own life.
information that can be associated with a certain date in the past.
knowledge in one’s own area of expertise.
our well-organized knowledge about the world.
our well-organized knowledge about the world.
How do the prototype approach and the exemplar approach differ from each other?
Question options:
The prototype approach emphasizes that all examples of a concept are equally good.
The exemplar approach represents a concept in terms of many specific examples of a concept.
The exemplar approach focuses on the most frequently encountered example of a concept.
The exemplar approach argues that an exemplar is an idealized example, based on all members of a category.
The exemplar approach represents a concept in terms of many specific examples of a concept
uppose that researchers want to determine whether young college students have stereotypes about elderly people. An implicit measure of stereotyping would be better than an explicit measure because
Question options:
an implicit measure would be less influenced by people’s tendency to supply a socially appropriate answer.
the norms are more accurate if they are based on implicit measures.
people’s schemas would have greater influence on implicit measures.
the pragmatic view of memory would interfere with an explicit measure.
an implicit measure would be less influenced by people’s tendency to supply a socially appropriate answer.
Suppose that a researcher conducts a study on schemas. The results demonstrate that the participants blended information together from several sentences, rather than remembering the exact wording of each sentence. These results would support the
Question options:
constructive model of memory.
exemplar view of concepts.
family-resemblance approach to concepts.
pragmatic view of memory.
constructive model of memory.
In the parallel distributed processing approach, the “spontaneous generalization” concept means that
Question options:
the connection weights determine the level of activation that is passed between the nodes in a network.
we make generalizations based on a fairly large number of exemplars.
we can use individual cases to draw conclusions about some general information.
experts store information in nodes, whereas novices store them in individual neurons.
we can use individual cases to draw conclusions about some general information.
