Chapter 7 - Athabasca Quizz Flashcards
According to the discussion of the history of research on mental imagery,
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the early behaviourists rejected research about mental imagery, but they began to conduct imagery research during the early 1950s.
the topic of mental imagery has consistently been more popular in the United States than in Europe.
the popularity of mental imagery increased as cognitive psychology became more influential.
surprisingly, theorists and researchers did not mention mental imagery until about 1930.
the popularity of mental imagery increased as cognitive psychology became more influential.
Your textbook discusses research showing that people have better acuity for mental images that are visualized in the centre of the retina, rather than in the periphery of the retina. The reason that this research is significant is that
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it offers strong support for the propositional approach to mental images.
it demonstrates that the previous imagery research had been influenced by experimenter expectancy.
the research is similar to the results obtained when people perceive actual visual stimuli.
it demonstrates that individual differences in visual imagery are actually very small.
the research is similar to the results obtained when people perceive actual visual stimuli.
Suppose that you read in a cognitive psychology journal that an experiment’s results could be explained by demand characteristics. An example of these demand characteristics might be that
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the researcher did not give clear instructions to the participants.
the dependent variable was not sufficiently sensitive.
the manipulation of the independent variable was too subtle, due to limited range.
the participants might have guessed the experimenter’s hypothesis.
the participants might have guessed the experimenter’s hypothesis.
According to the introductory discussion of cognitive maps,
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the term cognitive map refers to the map constructed by neuroscientists, in which each location of the cortex is paired with a related cognitive task.
whereas the term cognitive map refers to our mental representation of an imaginary region, the term spatial cognition applies to our mental representation of an actual geographic area.
compared to the research on the nature of mental images, the research on cognitive maps is more likely to emphasize geographical representations.
so far, cognitive maps have been examined almost exclusively by psychologists, rather than researchers from other disciplines.
Suppose that researchers studying mental rotation compare the performance of a group of people who are deaf and are fluent in American Sign Language with a second group of people who are not deaf and have had no experience with American Sign Language. Which of the following patterns of results would you be most likely to find, with respect to mental rotation?
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The individuals who are deaf would be more skilled because auditory information would not interfere with their performance.
The individuals who are deaf would be more skilled because they are accustomed to seeing hand positions from a different perspective.
The individuals who are not deaf would be more skilled because they have extra clues from the auditory information that accompanies hand movement.
The individuals who are not deaf would be more skilled because they have had extra practice “translating” auditory stimulation into changes in visual images.
The individuals who are deaf would be more skilled because they are accustomed to seeing hand positions from a different perspective.
You are driving in your car, listening to a mystery story on the radio. The narrator has just described the room, and then the main character turns 180˚ to face the location that had previously been at her back. Your response time to locate objects on your mental map would be quickest for
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objects that are above or below her.
objects that are in front of or behind her.
objects that are to her left or right.
all objects; the data do not show consistent differences.
objects that are above or below her.
Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about gender comparisons in cognitive skills?
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Debra: “Males are consistently better than females in both mathematics and spatial ability.”
Andy: “The only large gender differences are in verbal ability, where females typically earn higher scores.”
Eladj: “The only large gender differences are in spatial ability, where males often earn higher scores.”
Amelie: “Actually, there are no moderate or large gender differences in any area of cognitive skills.
Eladj: “The only large gender differences are in spatial ability, where males often earn higher scores.”
Suppose that Arthur lives in Houston, Texas, and his friend Scott lives in a much smaller city about 20 miles from Houston. Arthur seems to think that it is farther from Houston to that small town, compared to the distance from the small town to Houston. Arthur is demonstrating the
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spatial framework model.
landmark effect.
alignment heuristic.
rotation heuristic.
landmark effect.
From the research on mental imagery for the positions of the hands on a clock, we can conclude that
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in this area, there is strong evidence for propositional codes.
so few people can construct this kind of mental image that we need to be concerned about the limits of imagery research.
people with high mental-imagery ability perform this task faster than people with low mental-imagery ability.
decisions about the shapes of images require much longer when the two images are very different than when they are very similar.
people with high mental-imagery ability perform this task faster than people with low mental-imagery ability.
