Chapter 11 - Athabasca Quizz Flashcards
Which of the following students provides the best explanation for stereotype threat during problem solving?
Question options:
Alper: “Stereotype threat can usually be traced to overactive bottom-up processing.”
Kristi: “Stereotype threat is basically caused by a growth mindset.”
Kevin: “Stereotype threat typically occurs because people use parallel processing, rather problem-solving heuristics.”
Nita: “Stereotype threat seems to cause a reduction in working memory, due to factors such as high arousal.”
Nita: “Stereotype threat seems to cause a reduction in working memory, due to factors such as high arousal.
Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about expertise during problem solving?
Question options:
Lisa: “Experts are better at estimating how long it would take nonexperts to solve a problem.”
Pernelle: “Experts are more likely to use a mental set.”
Jack: “Experts are more likely to use their top-down processing effectively.”
Sabino: “Experts are more likely to use serial processing.”
Jack: “Experts are more likely to use their top-down processing effectively.”
Suppose that you belong to an organization that plans to sponsor a speaker for next semester. At the planning meeting, the group members begin by dividing the project into four components: choosing the speaker, making arrangements for the speaker’s travel, fundraising, and publicity. This arrangement is closest to the problem-solving strategy called
Question options:
the situated cognition approach.
the hill-climbing heuristic.
the means-ends heuristic.
the analogy approach.
the means-ends heuristic.
An important potential problem with using symbols to represent a problem is that
Question options:
people typically use at least twice as many symbols as they need.
people usually construct a hierarchical tree diagram, even though they intended to use symbols.
people insert the symbols into the wrong matrix.
people have trouble translating words into the appropriate symbols.
people have trouble translating words into the appropriate symbols.
Steve is a college sophomore who is fascinated by politics, even though he isn’t currently enrolled in any related courses. He spends several hours each day reading a variety of political columns, visiting his favorite news websites, and talking about political issues. Researchers would say that Steve is high in
Question options:
intrinsic motivation.
extrinsic motivation.
divergent production.
convergent production.
intrinsic motivation.
Which of the following students provides the best summary of the situated-cognition approach?
Question options:
Pearlie: “People typically cannot solve a problem unless they picture themselves situated at the goal state.”
Laurie: “Visual imagery is especially helpful because it encourages problem solvers to vividly picture themselves in the situation.”
Vladimir: “Psychologists who study problem solving should emphasize how people can solve everyday problems in the real world, rather than in an artificial setting.”
Samuel: “Psychologists can understand problem solving better if they try playing the role of a research participant who is faced with a representative problem.”
Vladimir: “Psychologists who study problem solving should emphasize how people can solve everyday problems in the real world, rather than in an artificial setting.
According to the research on mental sets,
Question options:
mental set is an over-reliance on bottom-up processing.
mental set is especially helpful when you are trying to solve a problem creatively.
mental set is an over-reliance on top-down processing
mental sets neither help nor hinder problem solving.
mental set is an over-reliance on top-down processing
According to the introduction to the chapter on problem solving,
Question options:
the process of problem solving is more passive than most other areas of cognitive activity.
most people typically emphasize bottom-up processing, rather than top-down processing.
when faced with a problem, most people become somewhat rigid and simply proceed with their first instinct.
people typically use strategies that are designed to produce a quick solution.
people typically use strategies that are designed to produce a quick solution.
Which of the following students’ summaries about metacognition and problem solving is the most accurate?
Question options:
Delmer: “Our metacognitions are typically more accurate for insight problems than for noninsight problems.”
Midori: “Students are not able to predict how well they are doing on a wide variety of problem-solving tasks.”
Saundra: “On insight problems, our confidence increases suddenly; on noninsight problems, our confidence builds up gradually.”
Steve: “Students typically have a feeling that they know the solution when they are several steps away from solving a problem—whether the problem is an insight problem or a noninsight problem.”
Saundra: “On insight problems, our confidence increases suddenly; on noninsight problems, our confidence builds up gradually.”
A major problem with using the analogy approach to problem solving is that
Question options:
people pay too little attention to structural features.
people pay too little attention to surface features.
people select an inappropriate matrix to represent their understanding of the problem.
people perform an exhaustive search, which is a time-consuming approach to problem solving.
people pay too little attention to structural features.
