Chapter 1 Athabasca Quiz Flashcards
According to the first chapter in your textbook, research in cognitive neuroscience:
shows that most cognitive processes can be traced to a specific location in the brain.
often obtains brain images while people are working on a cognitive task.
is currently most likely to explore cognitive processes using the brain-lesion method.
has declined in its popularity during the past 10 to 15 years.
often obtains brain images while people are working on a cognitive task.
The perspective called the “parallel distributed processing approach” includes the word “parallel” in its name because
Question options:
the human brain can process several items simultaneously.
both the human brain and the PDP models have parallel weaknesses in terms of processing speed.
an item stored in your brain is registered in just one very small location.
the neural network in your brain is arranged in parallel columns.
the human brain can process several items simultaneously.
A researcher wants to study how people’s attention shifts when they see a visual stimulus in an unexpected portion of a screen that they are viewing; this attention shift occurs in just a fraction of a second. Which of the following techniques is this researcher most likely to use?
Question options:
the neural-network approach
a positron emission tomography (PET) scan
the functional magnetic resonance imaging technique (fMRI)
The event-related potential technique (ERP)
The event-related potential technique (ERP)
Which of the following statements is correct?
Question options:
A reflex, such as a knee-jerk reflex, is an example of cognition.
Cognition refers to the acquisition and retrieval of knowledge, but not the use of that knowledge.
“Cognitive psychology” is sometimes used as a synonym for “cognition.”
Cognitive psychology emphasizes mental processes that are easily observable.
“Cognitive psychology” is sometimes used as a synonym for “cognition.”
In the introspection technique,
Question options:
people describe what they are thinking as they perform a task.
people report their daily experiences in an informal, unstructured fashion.
the experimenter observes how people respond to learning tasks.
emotional responses are emphasized, rather than a variety of thought processes.
people describe what they are thinking as they perform a task.
A psychologist who favours the gestalt approach would be most likely to criticize the fact that behaviourists
Question options:
ignore the context in which a behaviour occurs.
overemphasize introspection.
are not sufficiently rigorous in designing their psychological research.
pay too much attention to insight.
ignore the context in which a behaviour occurs.
According to the information-processing approach, which of the following is not true?
Question options:
Mental processes are similar to operations of a computer.
information is processed in a series of stages.
memories are distributed throughout the brain.
information processing can be represented with flowcharts.
memories are distributed throughout the brain.
Suppose that you attend a lecture on the bottom-up processes involved in speech perception. The lecturer is likely to emphasize
Question options:
how the listener’s auditory system registers and transmits information about the speech sounds.
the listener’s familiarity with the language.
the listener’s knowledge about grammar.
the listener’s expectations about what the speaker will say.
how the listener’s auditory system registers and transmits information about the speech sounds.
Which of the following statements about connectionist approach is false?
Question options:
Cognitive processes can be understood in terms of networks of neuron-like processing units.
It is also known as the PDP approach.
It is also known as the neural network approach.
The connectionist approach using serial processing.
The connectionist approach using serial processing.
The term “pure AI” refers to
Question options:
research that considers human limitations in cognitive processing.
an approach that attempts to accomplish a task as efficiently as possible.
an emphasis on the ecological validity of research in cognitive psychology.
a technique used in neuroscience that records the responses from a single cell in the brain.
an approach that attempts to accomplish a task as efficiently as possible.
In the introspection technique,
Question options:
people describe what they are thinking as they perform a task.
people report their daily experiences in an informal, unstructured fashion.
the experimenter observes how people respond to learning tasks.
emotional responses are emphasized, rather than a variety of thought processes.
people describe what they are thinking as they perform a task.
The term “pure AI” refers to
Question options:
research that considers human limitations in cognitive processing.
an approach that attempts to accomplish a task as efficiently as possible.
an emphasis on the ecological validity of research in cognitive psychology.
a technique used in neuroscience that records the responses from a single cell in the brain.
an approach that attempts to accomplish a task as efficiently as possible.
An important characteristic of the connectionist approach is that
Question options:
the neural activity that corresponds to a particular cognitive activity is typically limited to a single small location.
many cognitive activities rely on serial operations.
it is flexible enough to explain many cognitive skills.
it can only explain higher mental processes, such as decision making.
it is flexible enough to explain many cognitive skills.
One reason for the cognitive revolution is that the behaviourist approach
Question options:
emphasized unobservable cognitive processes.
overused Wundt’s technique of introspection.
placed too much emphasis on concepts such as reinforcement and observable responses.
devoted too much research to the organization of memory.
placed too much emphasis on concepts such as reinforcement and observable responses.
A cognitive psychologist who analyzes a cognitive task in terms of a series of stages—like the way a computer operates—is using which of the following approaches?
Question options:
the information-processing approach
the introspection approach
the gestalt approach
the parallel distributed processing approach
the information-processing approach
