Chapter 5 - Athabasca Quizz Flashcards
The research on encoding specificity shows that the effect
Question options:
is more likely when items have been in memory for a long time.
is more likely when tested by recognition, rather than recall.
works only for negative or neutral events.
works best when testing physical context, rather than mental context.
is more likely when items have been in memory for a long time
According to the research on the own-ethnicity bias,
Question options:
people are always more accurate in recognizing individuals from their own ethnic group than from another ethnic group.
the own ethnicity bias may be reduced if people have frequent contact with people from other ethnic groups.
people actually recognize individuals better if they are from a different ethnic group.
here is currently little evidence for this kind of bias.
the own ethnicity bias may be reduced if people have frequent contact with people from other ethnic groups.
According to the research on implicit memory and explicit memory,
Question options:
people with amnesia typically perform better on explicit memory tasks than on implicit memory tasks.
when the tests are conducted properly, most people with normal memory reveal very little implicit memory.
on implicit memory tasks, people recall much more when they have used deep levels of processing, rather than shallow levels.
psychologists sometimes discover a dissociation; for example, a variable may have a large effect on an explicit task, but a small effect on an implicit task.
Psychologists sometimes discover a dissociation; for example, a variable may have a large effect on an explicit task, but a small effect on an implicit task.
Chapter 5 discussed the relationship between the violence of a TV program and people’s recall of commercials shown during that program. According to this research, people recall a commercial more accurately
Question options:
when the program is extremely violent.
when the program is moderately violent.
when the program is nonviolent.
when the visual component of the program is nonviolent but the auditory component is moderately violent.
when the program is nonviolent.
Why is retroactive interference relevant to the post-event misinformation effect?
Question options:
Recently learned material may interfere with the older memories.
Information gathered prior to an event may somehow bias the way you perceive the event.
More vivid information will be recalled more accurately than less vivid information.
Eyewitnesses are less confident than they should be.
Recently learned material may interfere with the older memories.
Suppose that you are trying to recall a friend’s phone number, so you repeat it over and over to yourself without analyzing it or giving it meaning. According to the levels-of-processing approach, this activity would be categorized as
Question options:
shallow processing.
working-memory processing.
deep processing.
the self-reference effect.
shallow processing.
Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?
Question options:
Before dinner tonight, I must go to the fitness centre.
I recall the first time I ever thought about becoming a psychology major.
I remember seeing the word consciousness in the third chapter of this textbook.
I know that cabbage tastes bitter.
I know that cabbage tastes bitter.
When people estimate their confidence while providing eyewitness testimony,
Question options:
they are typically more correct than they estimate themselves to be.
they are almost as confident about their incorrect memories as they are about their correct memories.
their confidence about their eyewitness testimony is strongly correlated with the accuracy of the testimony.
their confidence is reduced because of the constructivist effect.
they are almost as confident about their incorrect memories as they are about their correct memories.
Stephanie is trying to decide whether she told Sid that the history test had been postponed—or whether she had only imagined telling him this. Stephanie is currently engaging in
Question options:
flashbulb memory.
an implicit memory task.
reality monitoring.
a dissociation.
reality monitoring.
Foley and her colleagues (1999) proposed that the research on self-reference may actually underestimate the magnitude of the self-reference effect. They reached this conclusion because
Question options:
participants typically process items at a shallow level of processing, even when they are instructed to use deep processing.
the meta-analysis of the data on the self-reference effect demonstrates that this technique is not especially helpful.
participants cannot really relate items to their own lives.
the participants reported that they had often used self-reference processing, even when they had received other instructions.
the participants reported that they had often used self-reference processing, even when they had received other instructions
