Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is a between-subjects experimental design?
An experimental design using separate, independent groups of individuals for each treatment condition being compared.
What are some advantages of between-subject designs?
- No practice effects
- May limit fatigue or boredom effects
What are some inconveniences of between-subject designs?
- Limited power (requires a larger number of participants than other designs)
- More expensive – more labor intensive
Can you use more than two levels of an independent variable (for both within and between subject designs)?
YES!
What are individual differences?
they are personal characteristics that differ from one participant to another.
Can be an issue for between-subject designs
What is restricted random assignment?
the group assignment process is limited to ensure predetermined characteristics (such as equal size) for the separate groups.
What is matching?
involves assigning individuals to groups so that a specific participant variable is balanced, or matched, across the groups. The intent is to create groups that are equivalent (or nearly equivalent) with respect to the variable being matched.
What is holding variables constant or restricting range of variability?
Holding variables constant ex: if gender differences between groups might confound, one solution is to eliminate gender as a variable and have all female participants
Restricting range of variability ex: restricting participants to those with IQ between 100 and 110
Increase the differences ________ treatments and decrease the variance _________ treatments. What does this mean?
between
within
Big differences between treatments are good because they provide evidence of differential treatment effects. Big differences within treatments are bad because the differences that exist inside the treatment conditions determine the variable of the scores (large variance can obscure patterns in the data).
