Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the 5 non-scientific approaches to acquiring knowledge?

Answer 1

method of tenacity, authority + (faith), intuition, rational method, method of empiricism.

Question 2

What is the method of tenacity?

Answer 2

information is accepted as true because it has always been believed or because superstition supports it. From habit or superstition

Question 3

What is the method of authority?

Answer 3

a person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area.

Question 4

What is the method of faith (under method of authority)

Answer 4

people have unquestioning trust in the authority figure and, therefore, accept information from the authority without doubt or challenge.

Question 5

What is the method of intuition?

Answer 5

information is accepted on the basis of a hunch or “gut feeling.”

Question 6

What is the rational method?

Answer 6

• seeks answers by the use of logical reasoning.
• critical component of the scientific method
• In this argument, the first two sentences are premise statements. The final sentence is a logical conclusion based on the premises.
• We begin with a set of known facts or assumptions and use logic to reach a conclusion or get an answer to a question

Question 7

What is the empirical method?

Answer 7

• uses observation or direct sensory experience to obtain knowledge.
• Critical component of the scientific method

Question 8

What is the scientific method?

Answer 8

method of acquiring knowledge that uses observations to develop a hypothesis, and then uses the hypothesis to make logical predictions that can be empirically tested by making additional, systematic observations. Typically, the new observations lead to a new hypothesis, and the cycle continues.

Question 9

Explain the 5 steps of the scientific method

Answer 9

In docs

Question 10

What is induction or inductive reasoning?

Answer 10

involves using a relatively small set of specific observations as the basis for forming a general statement about a larger set of possible observations.

Question 11

What are variables?

Answer 11

characteristics or conditions that change or have different values for different individuals.

Question 12

What are premise statements?

Answer 12

In logical reasoning, premise statements describe facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true.

Question 13

What is an argument?

Answer 13

An argument is a set of premise statements that are logically combined to yield a conclusion.

Question 14

What are methods of acquiring knowledge?

Answer 14

are ways in which a person can know things or discover answers to questions.

Question 15

What is deduction or deductive reasoning?

Answer 15

uses a general statement as the basis for reaching a conclusion about specific examples.

Question 16

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 16

Hypothesis is a statement that describes or explains a relationship between or among variables. It is not a final answer, but rather a proposal to be tested and evaluated (tentative answer).

Question 17

Quantitative research?

Answer 17

based on measuring variables for individual participants to obtain scores, usually numerical values, which are submitted to statistical analysis for summary and interpretation.

Question 18

Qualitative research?

Answer 18

Qualitative Research is based on making observations that are summarized and interpreted in a narrative report.

Question 19

How do you know whether it’s qual or quant research?

Answer 19

It all depends on what they produce and how the measurements are shown (numerical scores vs. narrative report)

Question 20

Individuals who take part in research studies are called ______ if they are human?

Answer 20

Participants

Question 21

The individuals who take part in research studies are called ________ if they are nonhuman?

Answer 21

Subjects

Question 22

The scientific method is??

Answer 22

• Public
• Empirical
• Objective