Chapter 8 -9 Flashcards
Activity of cells is powered by
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
what 3 things make ATP
adenine, 5 carbon sugar(ribose), 3 phosphate groups
ADP can store more energy by adding a
phosphate via bond results in ATP production
How do cells release energy stored in ATP
By breaking the bond between phosphate group
organisms obtain energy by consuming food
heterotrophs
organisms that make their own food using light (plants, algae, bacteria)
autotrophs
Plants convert sunlight, or solar energy into chemical energy stored in bonds of carbs
photosynthesis
Plants pigment to capture light
Chlorophyll
T or F Red and blue are absorbed very well
True
T or F Green is not absorbed well
true
Plants cells contain
Chloroplasts
Found within chloroplast-where light energy is captured
Thylakoids
stack of thylakoids
granum
Fluid portion of chloroplast located outside of thylakoids
stroma
Where is glucose made
Stroma
Plants use sugar to produce complex carbohydrates such as
starches
Cells regenerate ATP from ADP by using energy
in glucose that is consumed
Three factors that affect photosynthesis
temp, light intensity, water
What reactant in photosynthesis can stop the process without it
Water
Food molecules contain
chemical energy (atp) which is released when bonds are broken
process that releases ATP by breaking down food in presence of O2 Oxygen
cellular respiration
Three stages of Cellular Respiration
glycolysis
krebs cycle
electron transport
Releases small amount of energy and occurs in cytoplasm
(leads to 2 other pathways that release lots of energy 1 involves oxygen and 1 does not
glycolysis
The second stage of cellular respiration
Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle
only operates when oxygen is available
Aerobic respiration
pathway that requires oxygen
What 2 stages of cellular respiration take lace in the mitochondria
krebs and electron transport
anaerobic respiration
does not require oxygen
Photosynthesis removes
Respiration
CO2 from atmosphere
puts it back
A glucose molecule is is broken in half producing 2 molecules of pyruvic acid a 3 carbon compound
glycolysis
glycolysis requires
2 atp to begin
total of 4 atp generated
Releases energy from glucose by producing ADP in the absence of oxygen
Fermentation
Where does fermentation occurs in
cytoplasm of cells (anerobic process)
2 types of fermentation
alcoholic
lactic acid
Process performed by bacterial yeast (produces 2 atp produces alcohol and carbon dioxide
Alcoholic fermentation
Process performed by bacterial humans, needed for rapid bursts of activity exercise
Lactid acid fermentation
