Chapter 30 3/4 Flashcards
quiz
The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces of food.
Mechanical digestion
During ________ _______ , enzymes break down food into molecules the body can use.
Chemical digestion
stages of digestion system
- ingestion
- digestion
3.absorption - elimination
Putting food in mouth opening to digestive tract
ingestion
Breaking down of food
digestion
Once food is small enough, it can be absorbed by intestinal cells, and then transported to body via circulatory system
absorption
Food that is undigested, or indigestible travels through large intestine and is eliminated from body as feces
Elimination
Mouth breaks food via mechanical digestion.. food forms into _____-_
Bolus
Secreted from salivary glands, moisture food.. contains, Lysozyme, kills bacteria
Saliva
What breaks down starches into simple sugars
Amylase
Flap of tissue that overlaps esophagus or trachea- that prevents choking
Epiglottis
Contractions by smooth muscle that forces food downwards
Peristalsis
Thick ring of muscle; door of the stomach
cardiac sphincher
Smooth muscles churning food into ______
chyme
Stomach walls produce:
HCI needed to activate pepsin,
thick line of mucus ( protects organ walls) PH of stomach
Enzyme that breaks protein into smaller polypeptide fragments
Pepsin
Holes in stomach caused by H Pylori- internal bleeding and painful
Peptic ulcer
As chyme leaves stomach it enters ____ _______
small intestine
Small intestine where…
most chemical digestion/absorption of food occurs
Produces enzymes that break down carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Pancreas
Base which neutralizes chyme from stomach
Sodium bicarbonate
Amylase-
Lipase-
Trypsin-
breaks down starch
breaks down fat
breaks down proteins
All enzymes released by pancreas via…
Pancreatic duct
produces bile, which breaks down fat into droplets (enables lipase to break down droplets)
liver
Enzyme stored in gallbladder
Bile
Bile travels from _____________ to prancreas via ___-___
gallbladder
bile duct
Nutrients are absorbed through ______ ______ _____
small intestinal walls
Finger like projections with large surface area to absorb nutrients
Villi
Right before entry of large intestine is ______________
appendix
removes water from undigested material
colon
too much H2O has been removed from poop
Constipation
too little H2O has been removed from poop
Diarrehea
Cells build up waste such as__________ which needs to be removed. It is converted into _________, less toxic, by _______.
ammonia (NH2)
urea
liver
Through ________, skin excretes ________, _________, and ________
sweat
water
salts
urea
CO2 is transported then exhilated
lungs
Organs of excetion
Kidneys
What do the kidneys do?
remove excess water, urea, metabolic wastes from blood
What is the final product of the kidneys?
urine
Transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder (urine storage)
ureter
Where is urine released?
urethra
Passing of liquids to remove waste from blood in kidney
( Blood always remains in vessels)
filtration
Filtrate contains
Water
Urea
Glucose
Salts
amino acids
H+ ions
TI+c
water and essential dissolved substances return to blood while in kidney.
EX: salts, glucose, water
Reabsorption
Kidneys conserve _____ and and minimize volume of ______ by returning lots of water to the blood.
water
filtrate
_________=urea, water, excess salt. Leaves kidneys from ______ and goes to the _______, where is is stored until released from the ____________.
urine
ureter
bladder
urethra.
A sign of diabetes is if_________ is found in urine sample.
glucose
When calcium salts crystalize and block ureters. Treated with lasers.
Kidney stones
____________ respond directly to composition of blood.
kidneys
Kidneys functions?
regulate H2O content of blood
maintain blood PH (7.4)
removes waste products from blood
With Kidney failure patients have 2 choices:
dialysis machine
kidney transplant from compatible donor.
Each kidney has nearly a million processing units called
nephrons
The filtration of blood in the nephron takes place in the _______, a small dense network of___________
glomerulus
capillaries
Each glomerulus is encased in by a cuplike structure called _______ ____________.
Bowmans capsule
