Chapter 30 3/4

Question 1

The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces of food.

Answer 1

Mechanical digestion

Question 2

During ________ _______ , enzymes break down food into molecules the body can use.

Answer 2

Chemical digestion

Question 3

stages of digestion system

Answer 3

1. ingestion
2. digestion
   3.absorption
3. elimination

Question 4

Putting food in mouth opening to digestive tract

Answer 4

ingestion

Question 5

Breaking down of food

Answer 5

digestion

Question 6

Once food is small enough, it can be absorbed by intestinal cells, and then transported to body via circulatory system

Answer 6

absorption

Question 7

Food that is undigested, or indigestible travels through large intestine and is eliminated from body as feces

Answer 7

Elimination

Question 8

Mouth breaks food via mechanical digestion.. food forms into _____-_

Answer 8

Bolus

Question 9

Secreted from salivary glands, moisture food.. contains, Lysozyme, kills bacteria

Answer 9

Saliva

Question 10

What breaks down starches into simple sugars

Answer 10

Amylase

Question 11

Flap of tissue that overlaps esophagus or trachea- that prevents choking

Answer 11

Epiglottis

Question 12

Contractions by smooth muscle that forces food downwards

Answer 12

Peristalsis

Question 13

Thick ring of muscle; door of the stomach

Answer 13

cardiac sphincher

Question 14

Smooth muscles churning food into ______

Answer 14

chyme

Question 15

Stomach walls produce:

Answer 15

HCI needed to activate pepsin,
thick line of mucus ( protects organ walls) PH of stomach

Question 16

Enzyme that breaks protein into smaller polypeptide fragments

Answer 16

Pepsin

Question 17

Holes in stomach caused by H Pylori- internal bleeding and painful

Answer 17

Peptic ulcer

Question 18

As chyme leaves stomach it enters ____ _______

Answer 18

small intestine

Question 19

Small intestine where…

Answer 19

most chemical digestion/absorption of food occurs

Question 20

Produces enzymes that break down carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Answer 20

Pancreas

Question 21

Base which neutralizes chyme from stomach

Answer 21

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 22

Amylase-
Lipase-
Trypsin-

Answer 22

breaks down starch
breaks down fat
breaks down proteins

Question 23

All enzymes released by pancreas via…

Answer 23

Pancreatic duct

Question 24

produces bile, which breaks down fat into droplets (enables lipase to break down droplets)

Answer 24

liver

Question 25

Enzyme stored in gallbladder

Answer 25

Bile

Question 26

Bile travels from _____________ to prancreas via ___-___

Answer 26

gallbladder bile duct

Question 27

Nutrients are absorbed through ______ ______ _____

Answer 27

small intestinal walls

Question 28

Finger like projections with large surface area to absorb nutrients

Answer 28

Villi

Question 29

Right before entry of large intestine is ______________

Answer 29

appendix

Question 30

removes water from undigested material

Answer 30

colon

Question 31

too much H2O has been removed from poop

Answer 31

Constipation

Question 32

too little H2O has been removed from poop

Answer 32

Diarrehea

Question 33

Cells build up waste such as__________ which needs to be removed. It is converted into _________, less toxic, by _______.

Answer 33

ammonia (NH2) urea liver

Question 34

Through ________, skin excretes ________, _________, and ________

Answer 34

sweat water salts urea

Question 35

CO2 is transported then exhilated

Answer 35

lungs

Question 36

Organs of excetion

Answer 36

Kidneys

Question 37

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 37

remove excess water, urea, metabolic wastes from blood

Question 38

What is the final product of the kidneys?

Answer 38

urine

Question 39

Transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder (urine storage)

Answer 39

ureter

Question 40

Where is urine released?

Answer 40

urethra

Question 41

Passing of liquids to remove waste from blood in kidney ( Blood always remains in vessels)

Answer 41

filtration

Question 42

Filtrate contains

Answer 42

Water Urea Glucose Salts amino acids H+ ions TI+c

Question 43

water and essential dissolved substances return to blood while in kidney. EX: salts, glucose, water

Answer 43

Reabsorption

Question 44

Kidneys conserve _____ and and minimize volume of ______ by returning lots of water to the blood.

Answer 44

water filtrate

Question 45

_________=urea, water, excess salt. Leaves kidneys from ______ and goes to the _______, where is is stored until released from the ____________.

Answer 45

urine ureter bladder urethra.

Question 46

A sign of diabetes is if_________ is found in urine sample.

Answer 46

glucose

Question 47

When calcium salts crystalize and block ureters. Treated with lasers.

Answer 47

Kidney stones

Question 48

____________ respond directly to composition of blood.

Answer 48

kidneys

Question 49

Kidneys functions?

Answer 49

regulate H2O content of blood maintain blood PH (7.4) removes waste products from blood

Question 50

With Kidney failure patients have 2 choices:

Answer 50

dialysis machine kidney transplant from compatible donor.

Question 51

Each kidney has nearly a million processing units called

Answer 51

nephrons

Question 52

The filtration of blood in the nephron takes place in the _______, a small dense network of___________

Answer 52

glomerulus capillaries

Question 53

Each glomerulus is encased in by a cuplike structure called _______ ____________.

Answer 53

Bowmans capsule