Chapter 14 Flashcards
Full set of genetic information that on organism carries in its DNA
Genome
Shows human chromosomes from, photographs; Shows complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs arranged in order.
Karyotype
A typical human diploid cell contains…
46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Two of the 46 are the__________ that determine an individuals ___________.
sex chromosomes/ SEX
XX=
female
XY+=
Male
The X chromosome carries nearly 10X the number of _____as the ______________
genes/chromosome
44 body chromosomes
autosome
All egg cells carry single___ _______.
X chromosome
Half of all ____ _____carry ___ chromosomes and other half carry ___ Y chromosomes
sperm cells-X-Y
How many chromosomes are in a normal human karyotype? Sex chromosome + autosomes=
46
Many human traits follow pattern of___________
simple dominance
Many human genes display________
codominant inheritance
Gene located on a sex chromosome is called
sex linked genes
Sex chromosomes also carry____ _____and some_______.
body genes- disorders
A chart used to analyze the pattern of inheritance that shows the relationships in a family is a _________
pedigree
The nucleus of a human body cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes. These chromosomes have been cut out of a photograph and arranged to make a karyotype,
Human Karyotype
Why is the ratio of male to female births roughly 50-50
Half of all sperm cells carry a Y chromosome
All human cells carry
AT LEAST ONE X CHROMOSOME
Mutations can cause
disorders in humans
Disease in which a person has abnormal shaped red blood cells.(defective polypeptide makes hemoglobin in blood less soluble)
Sickle cell anemia
RBC contain ________ ____________, which carries ____ throughout body
protein hemoglobin O2
Sickle cells contain defective hemoglobin this_________. Symptoms_______,______.
decreases amount of o2 it can hold- fatigue organ damage
Disease in which mucus develops and clogs lungs ( deletion of 3 bases in a gene causes cell membranes to lose their ability to transport chloride ions)
Cystic Fribrosis
A single codon for a certain amino acid repeats more than 40 times, causing mental deterioration and uncontrolled movements)
Huntington’s Disease
When homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis.
nondisjunction
