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Biology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Full set of genetic information that on organism carries in its DNA

A

Genome

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2
Q

Shows human chromosomes from, photographs; Shows complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs arranged in order.

A

Karyotype

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3
Q

A typical human diploid cell contains…

A

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs

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4
Q

Two of the 46 are the__________ that determine an individuals ___________.

A

sex chromosomes/ SEX

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5
Q

XX=

A

female

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6
Q

XY+=

A

Male

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7
Q

The X chromosome carries nearly 10X the number of _____as the ______________

A

genes/chromosome

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8
Q

44 body chromosomes

A

autosome

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9
Q

All egg cells carry single___ _______.

A

X chromosome

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10
Q

Half of all ____ _____carry ___ chromosomes and other half carry ___ Y chromosomes

A

sperm cells-X-Y

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11
Q

How many chromosomes are in a normal human karyotype? Sex chromosome + autosomes=

A

46

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12
Q

Many human traits follow pattern of___________

A

simple dominance

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13
Q

Many human genes display________

A

codominant inheritance

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14
Q

Gene located on a sex chromosome is called

A

sex linked genes

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15
Q

Sex chromosomes also carry____ _____and some_______.

A

body genes- disorders

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16
Q

A chart used to analyze the pattern of inheritance that shows the relationships in a family is a _________

A

pedigree

17
Q

The nucleus of a human body cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes. These chromosomes have been cut out of a photograph and arranged to make a karyotype,

A

Human Karyotype

18
Q

Why is the ratio of male to female births roughly 50-50

A

Half of all sperm cells carry a Y chromosome

19
Q

All human cells carry

A

AT LEAST ONE X CHROMOSOME

20
Q

Mutations can cause

A

disorders in humans

21
Q

Disease in which a person has abnormal shaped red blood cells.(defective polypeptide makes hemoglobin in blood less soluble)

A

Sickle cell anemia

22
Q

RBC contain ________ ____________, which carries ____ throughout body

A

protein hemoglobin O2

23
Q

Sickle cells contain defective hemoglobin this_________. Symptoms_______,______.

A

decreases amount of o2 it can hold- fatigue organ damage

24
Q

Disease in which mucus develops and clogs lungs ( deletion of 3 bases in a gene causes cell membranes to lose their ability to transport chloride ions)

A

Cystic Fribrosis

25
Q

A single codon for a certain amino acid repeats more than 40 times, causing mental deterioration and uncontrolled movements)

A

Huntington’s Disease

26
Q

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis.

A

nondisjunction

Biology (11 decks)

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