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Biology > CHapter 10 > Flashcards

CHapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Larger a cell becomes the

A

more demands cell places on its DNA

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2
Q

As cell size increases

A

it’s volume grows faster than surface area

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3
Q

Increased cell size causes

A

decreased amount of cell membrane

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4
Q

Ratio of surface area to volume

A

decreases as cell gets larger

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5
Q

Process by which a cell divides into 2new daughter cells-reduces cell volume

A

cell division

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6
Q

Before cell division occurs…

A

DNA mustbe copied or replicated first

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7
Q

Produces genetically identical organisms
occurs in many single celled organisms
allows rapid reproduction of organisms

A

Asexual Reproduction

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8
Q

the production of new organisms by combination of genetic information

A

Sexual Reproduction

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9
Q

Genetic info is bundled into packages of DNA called

A

chromosomes

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10
Q

Genetic info that is passed on from 1 generation of cells to the next

A

chromosomes

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11
Q

What makes it possible to separate DNA precisely during division

A

chromosomes

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12
Q

Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

A

Cell Cycle

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13
Q

Consists of a Single circular strand of DNA

A

Prokaryotic chromosome

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14
Q

Are highly organized structures

A

Eukaryotic chromosomes

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15
Q

The DNA winds around histone proteins, forming

A

Chromatin

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16
Q

In the Prokaryotic cell cyle

A

the cell grows, duplicates its DNA and divide by pinching in the cell membrane.

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17
Q

Eukaryotic cell cycle has ________ stages( the first 3 which is referred to as________

A

4 interphase

18
Q

Eukaryotic cell cycle

A

G, S, G2 and M

19
Q

In the G phase

A

the cell grows

20
Q

in the s phase

A

the cell replicates its DNA

21
Q

In the G2 phase

A

the cell produces organelles and materials for division

22
Q

In the M phase

A

the cell divides in 2 stages -mitosis and cytokinesis

23
Q

Interphase

A

period of growth and cell then prepares for division

24
Q

M phase is 4 stages

A

prophase
interphase
anaphase
telophase

25
Q

genetic material in nucleolus condenses and duplicated chromosomes become visible (outside nuclous, spindle starts to form)

A

Phophase

26
Q

proteins that stimulate growth/divison of cells signals

A

growth factors

27
Q

Programmed cell death (key role in shaping structure of tissue/organs removes old damage cells

A

Apoptosis

28
Q

cancer

A

bodys cells loose ability to control growth-disease or lack of homeostasis of cell cycle

29
Q

cancer cells

A

do not respond to signals that regulate growth and divide uncontrollably

30
Q

tumor that does not spread to rest of body

A

benign

31
Q

tumor that spreads and invades healthy tissues

A

malignant

32
Q

malignant skin cell cancer (heavy exposure to sun uv light)

A

carcinoma

33
Q

Developmental stage from which an organism is gradually produced-begin as 1 cell

A

embryo

34
Q

cells become specialized

A

Differentiation

35
Q

During differentiation, cells turn

A

into various types

36
Q

Adults reach point in which differentiation is

A

complete

37
Q

fertilized cell between 1 egg nd 1 sperm

A

Zygote 23+23=46

38
Q

unspecified cells from which differentiated cells develop
found in embryo

A

stem cells

39
Q

proteins that regulate the timing of cell cycle in eukaryotic

A

cyclins

40
Q

a fertilized egg and the first few cells in an embryo are able to form many kind of cell and tissue. Such a cell is termed

A

totipotent

41
Q

AN embryonic stage that consists of a hollow ball of cells. These cells are able to become any type of body cell

A

blastocyst

42
Q

adult stem cells are

A

multipotent

Biology (11 decks)

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