Chapter 8

Question 1

___________ are illnesses caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

Answer 1

Infectious Diseases

Question 2

_____________ are a subset of infectious diseases made up of illnesses that can be transmitted from person to person.

Answer 2

Communicable Diseases

Question 3

_________ are single-celled microorganisms that live in water, inside the human body, in organic matter, and on inorganic surfaces (fomites)

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

________ one of the smallest disease agents, must grow and multiply inside the living cells of a host.

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

_______ are a common cause of disease where sanitation is poor, generally in developing countries, although cases are still found in developed countries.

Answer 5

Fungi

Question 6

The ________ period begins when the pathogen enters the body by evading the host’s outermost layers of defense, such as skin or acidic mucous membranes.

Answer 6

latent

Question 7

The _______ period is the interval between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms.

Answer 7

incubation

Question 8

This stage lasts as long as the agent remains in the body and can be spread to other people.

Answer 8

Communicability Period

Question 9

________________ is the branch of medicine concerned with studying the causes, distribution, and control of disease in a population.

Answer 9

Epidemiology

Question 10

The Department of Labor’s __________ oversees compliance, enforcement, inspection, tracking and reporting related to infection control practices in the workplace.

Answer 10

OSHA

Question 11

Historically, most needlesticks have occurred during _________ procedures.

Answer 11

recapping

Question 12

The best means of preventing transmission of infectious agents remains the most basic one:

Answer 12

effective hand washing

Question 13

An __________ is a disease outbreak in which many people in a community or region become infected with the same disease.

Answer 13

epidemic

Question 14

A ___________, is an epidemic that sweeps the globe, reaching all seven continents.

Answer 14

pandemic

Question 15

A __________ is necessary if a pathogenic agent is to leave one host to invade another.

Answer 15

portal of exit

Question 16

The _________ is the site at which the pathogenic agent enters a new host.

Answer 16

portal of entry

Question 17

The ________ is a molecule the immune system does not recognize as its own.

Answer 17

antigen

Question 18

The most common site of infection in endocarditis is the _______.

Answer 18

mitral valve

Question 19

_________ is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 19

Meningitis

Question 20

More than 90% of meningitis cases have a _________ etiology.

Answer 20

viral

Question 21

The ________ is the most common screening done to determine exposure too TB.

Answer 21

Mantoux skin test

Question 22

Each year more than 60,000 people in the US die of __________, which is an inflammation of the lungs.

Answer 22

pneumonia

Question 23

____________ is caused by the herpesvirus Epstein-Barr.

Answer 23

Mononucleosis

Question 24

_______, the virus that causes AIDS, was first identified in a human specimen in 1959.

Answer 24

HIV

Question 25

Patients called ___________, make up about 10% of the HIV-positive Caucasian population, and an unknown percentage of the nonwhite HIV-positive population.

Answer 25

nonprogressors

Question 26

_______ is the end-stage disease caused by HIV.

Answer 26

AIDS

Question 27

_____ cannot survive outside the human host.

Answer 27

HIV

Question 28

Limited data suggest that the HBV virus can survive outside the body in the medium of dried blood for as long as _____ days.

Answer 28

7

Question 29

________ virus is the most common chronic blood-borne infection and the leading cause of liver transplantation in the US.

Answer 29

Hepatitis C

Question 30

_____ requires that the host be infected with HBV.

Answer 30

HDV

Question 31

_________ is the second most commonly reported disease in the US.

Answer 31

Gonorrhea

Question 32

Many people infected with HIV or HCV are also infected with ___________.

Answer 32

syphilis

Question 33

Routine treatment for syphilis includes administration of ____________.

Answer 33

penicillin

Question 34

______ is usually referred to as oral herpes, cold sores or fever blisters.

Answer 34

Type-1

Question 35

Genital herpes is a chronic recurrent illness produced by HSV _________.

Answer 35

Type-2

Question 36

Worldwide, __________ is the most common sexually transmitted disease infection adults.

Answer 36

HPV

Question 37

______ has been identified as a precursor of cervical cancer.

Answer 37

HPV

Question 38

Signs and symptoms of _______ infestation include nocturnal itching and the presence of a rash.

Answer 38

scabies

Question 39

_________ is the only state whose animal population is free of rabies.

Answer 39

Hawaii

Question 40

_______ is an acute viral infection of the CNS primarily affecting animals.

Answer 40

Rabies

Question 41

Transmission of _______ occurs by inhalation of aerosolized rodent waste.

Answer 41

Hantavirus

Question 42

Transmission of _______ occurs when spores enter the body by way of a puncture wound contaminated with animal feces, street dust, or soil, by the injection of street drugs, or in neonates delivered at home where adequate sterile procedures are not available.

Answer 42

Tetanus

Question 43

________ is the most common tick-borne disease in the US.

Answer 43

Lyme Disease

Question 44

____________, or German measles is also caused by a virus found in respiratory secretions.

Answer 44

Rubella

Question 45

______ is characterized by swelling and tenderness of the parotid salivary glands, affecting one or both sides of the neck.

Answer 45

Mumps

Question 46

The gram-negative bacterium Bordatella pertussis is the organism that causes ___________.

Answer 46

whooping cough

Question 47

_________ is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus.

Answer 47

Chickenpox

Question 48

Studies have found that Chickenpox transmission to household members who have not had the disease is likely at _____%.

Answer 48

90