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AMLS > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

___________ are illnesses caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

A

Infectious Diseases

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2
Q

_____________ are a subset of infectious diseases made up of illnesses that can be transmitted from person to person.

A

Communicable Diseases

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3
Q

_________ are single-celled microorganisms that live in water, inside the human body, in organic matter, and on inorganic surfaces (fomites)

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

________ one of the smallest disease agents, must grow and multiply inside the living cells of a host.

A

Viruses

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5
Q

_______ are a common cause of disease where sanitation is poor, generally in developing countries, although cases are still found in developed countries.

A

Fungi

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6
Q

The ________ period begins when the pathogen enters the body by evading the host’s outermost layers of defense, such as skin or acidic mucous membranes.

A

latent

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7
Q

The _______ period is the interval between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms.

A

incubation

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8
Q

This stage lasts as long as the agent remains in the body and can be spread to other people.

A

Communicability Period

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9
Q

________________ is the branch of medicine concerned with studying the causes, distribution, and control of disease in a population.

A

Epidemiology

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10
Q

The Department of Labor’s __________ oversees compliance, enforcement, inspection, tracking and reporting related to infection control practices in the workplace.

A

OSHA

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11
Q

Historically, most needlesticks have occurred during _________ procedures.

A

recapping

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12
Q

The best means of preventing transmission of infectious agents remains the most basic one:

A

effective hand washing

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13
Q

An __________ is a disease outbreak in which many people in a community or region become infected with the same disease.

A

epidemic

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14
Q

A ___________, is an epidemic that sweeps the globe, reaching all seven continents.

A

pandemic

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15
Q

A __________ is necessary if a pathogenic agent is to leave one host to invade another.

A

portal of exit

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16
Q

The _________ is the site at which the pathogenic agent enters a new host.

A

portal of entry

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17
Q

The ________ is a molecule the immune system does not recognize as its own.

A

antigen

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18
Q

The most common site of infection in endocarditis is the _______.

A

mitral valve

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19
Q

_________ is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meningitis

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20
Q

More than 90% of meningitis cases have a _________ etiology.

A

viral

21
Q

The ________ is the most common screening done to determine exposure too TB.

A

Mantoux skin test

22
Q

Each year more than 60,000 people in the US die of __________, which is an inflammation of the lungs.

A

pneumonia

23
Q

____________ is caused by the herpesvirus Epstein-Barr.

A

Mononucleosis

24
Q

_______, the virus that causes AIDS, was first identified in a human specimen in 1959.

A

HIV

25
Q

Patients called ___________, make up about 10% of the HIV-positive Caucasian population, and an unknown percentage of the nonwhite HIV-positive population.

A

nonprogressors

26
Q

_______ is the end-stage disease caused by HIV.

A

AIDS

27
Q

_____ cannot survive outside the human host.

A

HIV

28
Q

Limited data suggest that the HBV virus can survive outside the body in the medium of dried blood for as long as _____ days.

A

7

29
Q

________ virus is the most common chronic blood-borne infection and the leading cause of liver transplantation in the US.

A

Hepatitis C

30
Q

_____ requires that the host be infected with HBV.

A

HDV

31
Q

_________ is the second most commonly reported disease in the US.

A

Gonorrhea

32
Q

Many people infected with HIV or HCV are also infected with ___________.

A

syphilis

33
Q

Routine treatment for syphilis includes administration of ____________.

A

penicillin

34
Q

______ is usually referred to as oral herpes, cold sores or fever blisters.

A

Type-1

35
Q

Genital herpes is a chronic recurrent illness produced by HSV _________.

A

Type-2

36
Q

Worldwide, __________ is the most common sexually transmitted disease infection adults.

A

HPV

37
Q

______ has been identified as a precursor of cervical cancer.

A

HPV

38
Q

Signs and symptoms of _______ infestation include nocturnal itching and the presence of a rash.

A

scabies

39
Q

_________ is the only state whose animal population is free of rabies.

A

Hawaii

40
Q

_______ is an acute viral infection of the CNS primarily affecting animals.

A

Rabies

41
Q

Transmission of _______ occurs by inhalation of aerosolized rodent waste.

A

Hantavirus

42
Q

Transmission of _______ occurs when spores enter the body by way of a puncture wound contaminated with animal feces, street dust, or soil, by the injection of street drugs, or in neonates delivered at home where adequate sterile procedures are not available.

A

Tetanus

43
Q

________ is the most common tick-borne disease in the US.

A

Lyme Disease

44
Q

____________, or German measles is also caused by a virus found in respiratory secretions.

A

Rubella

45
Q

______ is characterized by swelling and tenderness of the parotid salivary glands, affecting one or both sides of the neck.

A

Mumps

46
Q

The gram-negative bacterium Bordatella pertussis is the organism that causes ___________.

A

whooping cough

47
Q

_________ is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus.

A

Chickenpox

48
Q

Studies have found that Chickenpox transmission to household members who have not had the disease is likely at _____%.

A

90

AMLS (11 decks)

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