Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

________ is a progressive state of cellular hypo perfusion in which insufficient oxygen is available to meet tissue demands, which results in adequate energy production to perform cellular activities.

A

Shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A complete heartbeat is called a __________.

A

cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_______ is the volume of blood that the heart can pump per minute.

A

Cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The precontraction pressure is known as ________.

A

preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The force, or resistance against which the heart pumps is known as ________.

A

afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The stroke volume of a healthy adult is typically about ____mL.

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The resistance of blood flow through the circulatory system is called ___________.

A

peripheral vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The _________ are the first cellular components affected by shock.

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the aortic arch and carotid arteries, sympathetic nerve fibers called ______ constantly monitor arterial blood pressure.

A

baroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The _______, located on top of the kidneys, release epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to declining cardiac output.

A

adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The anterior pituitary gland releases _______ in response to shock.

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

__________ secretion also creates the sensation of thirst, one of the early signs of shock.

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In hemorrhagic shock, decompensated shock occurs when blood volume drops by more than _____%.

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_______ may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

A

Blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bright red blood in the stool indicates active bleeding from the _______ GI tract.

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dark red or maroon stool called ______ is due to upper GI bleeding.

A

melena

17
Q

A weak, thready pulse is an indicator of __________.

A

hypoperfusion

18
Q

Because of an increase in a person’s metabolism during shock, ______ can become perilously low.

A

glucose

19
Q

It is preferred that the blood be typed and crossmatched, but if time does not allow, uncross matched type __________ can be given.

A

O-negative

20
Q

There are generally two complications of blood product administration:

A

infection

immune reactions

21
Q

Monitoring the patient’s ________ is a standard of care during blood administration.

A

temperature

22
Q

Shock can be categorized into four types:

A

hypovolemic
cardiogenic
obstructive
distributive

23
Q

In a healthy adult, ______% blood loss is well tolerated.

A

10 - 15

24
Q

__________ is highly characteristic of neurogenic shock.

A

Bradycardia

25
Q

The most common cause of radiogenic shock, is myocardial infarction with greater than a ____% loss of heart muscle.

A

40

26
Q

__________ shock occurs when blood flow to the great vessels or heart is occluded.

A

Obstructive

27
Q

The most treatable cause of obstructive shock is ________.

A

tension pneumothorax

28
Q

Late shock can trigger an overstimulation of the clotting cascade in which clotting and bleeding begin to occur simultaneously. This is known as ___________.

A

Disseminated Intravascular coagulation

29
Q

_______ is a progressive condition characterized by combined failure or two more organs or organ systems that were initially unharmed by the acute disorder or injury that caused the patient’s illness.

A

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

30
Q

Up to 1 out of every 500 African-Americans will have this disorder which results in abnormal sickling of the red blood cells.

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

31
Q

_________ occurs when the body has an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood.

A

Thrombocytopenia

32
Q

_______ is a bleeding disorder that occurs when there is a deficiency in clotting factors, or proteins in the blood that work with platelets to help blood to clot.

A

Hemophilia