Chapter 10 Flashcards
The syndrome-like symptoms of a class or group of similar poisonous agents are termed a toxic syndrome, or ___________.
toxidrome
_______, a state of unconsciousness or deep sedation from which the patient cannot be aroused by an external stimulus, is a common symptom of intoxication.
coma
CNS excitation can lead to____________.
seizures
In a toxicologic emergency, _______ may be caused directly by the drug effect, rather than by volume depletion.
tachycardia
A variety of plant and drug toxicities and chemical exposures can cause ____________.
bradycardia
One vital sign that is often overlooked or inaccurately recorded is _______.
respiratory rate
An increase in the depth of breathing is referred to as ________.
hyperpnea
More recently, _________, a vitamin B12 precursor, has been approved for the treatment of cyanide toxicity.
hydroxocobalamin
____________-related liver injury is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States, making it a far more common cause of liver failure than acute viral hepatitis.
acetaminophen
_________ (kidney damage) may occur with or without liver injury.
Nephrotoxicity
________ poisonings no antidote.
Salcylate
_________ are frequently prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, CAD, CHF, arrhythmia, migraine headache prophylaxis, and anxiety disorders.
Beta-Blockers
________ is often referred to as the antidote for beta-adrenergic toxicity.
Glucagon
In pancreatic cells, ______ influx triggers insulin release.
calcium
_______ work by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters, extending the duration of their action.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
_______ is an agent used to treat bipolar disorder, also known as “manic-depressive” illness.
Lithium
______ is the active compound found in khat leaves, which are commonly chewed by people in Eastern Africa for their stimulant.
Cathinone
Individuals who ingest packets of drugs while evading police are commonly known as _________.
stuffers
_____, people who smuggle large amounts of drugs by ingesting them, require admission to the ICU when they are identified.
Packers
________ was used extensively to treat seizure disorders before the advent of newer anticonvulsants.
Phenobarbitol
_________ act primarily through GABA receptor binding
Barbituates
A ________ is a bolus of heroin and cocaine injected IV.
speed ball
_______ is structurally similar to opioids but has only antagonistic properties.
Naloxone
______ passes easily through the blood-brain barrier.
Ethanol
________ a cofactor needed to process ethanol, may be indicated after heavy alcohol us.
Thiamine
______, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.
THC
_______ intoxication lasts about 8 - 12 hours, but the psychotic effects of the drug may persist for days.
LSD
_____ is a disassociate anesthetic with hallucinogenic properties.
PCP
Because _________ tastes sweet, it is more likely to be ingested accidentally and in larger quantities by children and pets.
Ethylene Glycol
Isopropanol is quickly absorbed in the stomach and metabolized into _______.
acetone
______ is used extensively in industry as a solvent and reagent.
Methanol
______ is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of organic fuels.
Carbon monoxide
In high concentrations, carbon monoxide is considered a ______ agent, meaning that it causes rapid toxicity and loss of consciousness.
knockdown
A ________ chamber is roughly the size of a casket and can accommodate only one person at a time.
monoplace
A _________ chamber is a small room in which several patients or providers can be treated at once.
multiplace
Hyperbaric oxygen further decreases the half-life of carbon monoxide to roughly _____ minutes.
20
The DOT defines a strong acid as a solution with a pH below _____.
2
The DOT defines a strong base as a solution with a pH above ________.
12.5
Mixing household bleach with an ammonia-based cleaner generates ________ gas.
chloramine
Acids tend to produce necrosis by denaturing proteins, forming an eschar that limits the penetration of the acid, a process called _________.
coagulation necrosis
____________ is a more penetrating injury in which cell membranes break down and dissolve, essentially forming soap.
Liquefactive necrosis
Burns caused by ______ penetrate much deeper than the of most acids.
Hydroflouric Acid
Elemental forms of lithium, potassium, sodium and magnesium react with water to form ______.
alkalis
Compounds such as nitrites and nitrates, which can oxidize the iron in hemoglobin, cause the condition known as ___________.
methhemglobenia
The antidotes for organophosphate poisoning are ________ and ________.
atropine
pralidoxime
________ are a broad class of combustible or flammable liquids derived from oil.
Hydrocarbons
Some hydrocarbon derivatives such as _______ possess anesthetic properties.
phenol
Jellyfish, fire coral, and sea anemones inject toxins with stinging cells called ______.
nematocysts
There are two families of poisonous snakes:
Crotalidae
Elapidae
The venom of the ________ is a pernicious cocktail of at least 11 peptides that possess a variety of cytotoxic properties.
brown recluse
In the US, nearly all snake envenomations can be attributed to the ______ family of snakes, the pit vipers.
Crotalidae
All venom from spinous creatures is ________, which means that it is neutralized by heat.
heat labile
________ is a cardiac glycoside heart medication derived from the foxglove plant.
Digitalis
Common plants that contain digoxin-like glycoside toxins:
Foxglove Yellow Oleander Lily of the Valley Oleander Red Squill
A __________ is any substance that poses an unreasonable threat to health, safety, or the environment.
Hazardous Material
________________ provides guidelines for the development of and compliance with safety protocols and procedures for governmental and nongovernmental personnel who make, store, or dispose of, or are first responders to clean up of Hazardous Materials
HAZWOPER
A _________ is a diamond-shaped sign affixed to a transport vehicle.
placard
Poison Control #:
1-800-222-1222
CHEMTREC #:
1-800-424-9300
CANUTEC #:
1-613-996-6666
The oral or dermal exposure dose that kills 50% of the exposed animal population in 2 week’s time:
LD50
The air concentration of a substance that kills 50% of the exposed animal population.
LC50
For medication administration, the _____ route offers the fastest rate of absorption compared with IM and SQ routes.
IV
The ____________ must be notified of all suspected terrorist attacks.
Department of Homeland Security
Filoviruses, flaviviruses, and arena viruses can all be categorized as _________.
viral hemorrhagic fevers
Absorbed ionizing radiation is expressed in units called _______.
rads
______ particles do not generally pass through the skin.
Alpha
_______ particles are smaller and faster than alpha particles and thus can travel farther.
Beta
_______ rays are photons emitted from the nucleus of an atom.
Gamma
One of the most common asphyxiates is ________, which carries the military designation AC.
Hydrogen cyanide
The most toxic nerve agents in chemical warfare are _______.
nerve agents
____ is the most common V-agent.
VX
