Chapter 10

Question 1

The syndrome-like symptoms of a class or group of similar poisonous agents are termed a toxic syndrome, or ___________.

Answer 1

toxidrome

Question 2

_______, a state of unconsciousness or deep sedation from which the patient cannot be aroused by an external stimulus, is a common symptom of intoxication.

Answer 2

coma

Question 3

CNS excitation can lead to____________.

Answer 3

seizures

Question 4

In a toxicologic emergency, _______ may be caused directly by the drug effect, rather than by volume depletion.

Answer 4

tachycardia

Question 5

A variety of plant and drug toxicities and chemical exposures can cause ____________.

Answer 5

bradycardia

Question 6

One vital sign that is often overlooked or inaccurately recorded is _______.

Answer 6

respiratory rate

Question 7

An increase in the depth of breathing is referred to as ________.

Answer 7

hyperpnea

Question 8

More recently, _________, a vitamin B12 precursor, has been approved for the treatment of cyanide toxicity.

Answer 8

hydroxocobalamin

Question 9

____________-related liver injury is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States, making it a far more common cause of liver failure than acute viral hepatitis.

Answer 9

acetaminophen

Question 10

_________ (kidney damage) may occur with or without liver injury.

Answer 10

Nephrotoxicity

Question 11

________ poisonings no antidote.

Answer 11

Salcylate

Question 12

_________ are frequently prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, CAD, CHF, arrhythmia, migraine headache prophylaxis, and anxiety disorders.

Answer 12

Beta-Blockers

Question 13

________ is often referred to as the antidote for beta-adrenergic toxicity.

Answer 13

Glucagon

Question 14

In pancreatic cells, ______ influx triggers insulin release.

Answer 14

calcium

Question 15

_______ work by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters, extending the duration of their action.

Answer 15

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Question 16

_______ is an agent used to treat bipolar disorder, also known as “manic-depressive” illness.

Answer 16

Lithium

Question 17

______ is the active compound found in khat leaves, which are commonly chewed by people in Eastern Africa for their stimulant.

Answer 17

Cathinone

Question 18

Individuals who ingest packets of drugs while evading police are commonly known as _________.

Answer 18

stuffers

Question 19

_____, people who smuggle large amounts of drugs by ingesting them, require admission to the ICU when they are identified.

Answer 19

Packers

Question 20

________ was used extensively to treat seizure disorders before the advent of newer anticonvulsants.

Answer 20

Phenobarbitol

Question 21

_________ act primarily through GABA receptor binding

Answer 21

Barbituates

Question 22

A ________ is a bolus of heroin and cocaine injected IV.

Answer 22

speed ball

Question 23

_______ is structurally similar to opioids but has only antagonistic properties.

Answer 23

Naloxone

Question 24

______ passes easily through the blood-brain barrier.

Answer 24

Ethanol

Question 25

________ a cofactor needed to process ethanol, may be indicated after heavy alcohol us.

Answer 25

Thiamine

Question 26

______, the primary psychoactive component of marijuana.

Answer 26

THC

Question 27

_______ intoxication lasts about 8 - 12 hours, but the psychotic effects of the drug may persist for days.

Answer 27

LSD

Question 28

_____ is a disassociate anesthetic with hallucinogenic properties.

Answer 28

PCP

Question 29

Because _________ tastes sweet, it is more likely to be ingested accidentally and in larger quantities by children and pets.

Answer 29

Ethylene Glycol

Question 30

Isopropanol is quickly absorbed in the stomach and metabolized into _______.

Answer 30

acetone

Question 31

______ is used extensively in industry as a solvent and reagent.

Answer 31

Methanol

Question 32

______ is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of organic fuels.

Answer 32

Carbon monoxide

Question 33

In high concentrations, carbon monoxide is considered a ______ agent, meaning that it causes rapid toxicity and loss of consciousness.

Answer 33

knockdown

Question 34

A ________ chamber is roughly the size of a casket and can accommodate only one person at a time.

Answer 34

monoplace

Question 35

A _________ chamber is a small room in which several patients or providers can be treated at once.

Answer 35

multiplace

Question 36

Hyperbaric oxygen further decreases the half-life of carbon monoxide to roughly _____ minutes.

Answer 36

20

Question 37

The DOT defines a strong acid as a solution with a pH below _____.

Answer 37

2

Question 38

The DOT defines a strong base as a solution with a pH above ________.

Answer 38

12.5

Question 39

Mixing household bleach with an ammonia-based cleaner generates ________ gas.

Answer 39

chloramine

Question 40

Acids tend to produce necrosis by denaturing proteins, forming an eschar that limits the penetration of the acid, a process called _________.

Answer 40

coagulation necrosis

Question 41

____________ is a more penetrating injury in which cell membranes break down and dissolve, essentially forming soap.

Answer 41

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 42

Burns caused by ______ penetrate much deeper than the of most acids.

Answer 42

Hydroflouric Acid

Question 43

Elemental forms of lithium, potassium, sodium and magnesium react with water to form ______.

Answer 43

alkalis

Question 44

Compounds such as nitrites and nitrates, which can oxidize the iron in hemoglobin, cause the condition known as ___________.

Answer 44

methhemglobenia

Question 45

The antidotes for organophosphate poisoning are ________ and ________.

Answer 45

atropine | pralidoxime

Question 46

________ are a broad class of combustible or flammable liquids derived from oil.

Answer 46

Hydrocarbons

Question 47

Some hydrocarbon derivatives such as _______ possess anesthetic properties.

Answer 47

phenol

Question 48

Jellyfish, fire coral, and sea anemones inject toxins with stinging cells called ______.

Answer 48

nematocysts

Question 49

There are two families of poisonous snakes:

Answer 49

Crotalidae Elapidae

Question 50

The venom of the ________ is a pernicious cocktail of at least 11 peptides that possess a variety of cytotoxic properties.

Answer 50

brown recluse

Question 51

In the US, nearly all snake envenomations can be attributed to the ______ family of snakes, the pit vipers.

Answer 51

Crotalidae

Question 52

All venom from spinous creatures is ________, which means that it is neutralized by heat.

Answer 52

heat labile

Question 53

________ is a cardiac glycoside heart medication derived from the foxglove plant.

Answer 53

Digitalis

Question 54

Common plants that contain digoxin-like glycoside toxins:

Answer 54

``` Foxglove Yellow Oleander Lily of the Valley Oleander Red Squill ```

Question 55

A __________ is any substance that poses an unreasonable threat to health, safety, or the environment.

Answer 55

Hazardous Material

Question 56

________________ provides guidelines for the development of and compliance with safety protocols and procedures for governmental and nongovernmental personnel who make, store, or dispose of, or are first responders to clean up of Hazardous Materials

Answer 56

HAZWOPER

Question 57

A _________ is a diamond-shaped sign affixed to a transport vehicle.

Answer 57

placard

Question 58

Poison Control #:

Answer 58

1-800-222-1222

Question 59

CHEMTREC #:

Answer 59

1-800-424-9300

Question 60

CANUTEC #:

Answer 60

1-613-996-6666

Question 61

The oral or dermal exposure dose that kills 50% of the exposed animal population in 2 week's time:

Answer 61

LD50

Question 62

The air concentration of a substance that kills 50% of the exposed animal population.

Answer 62

LC50

Question 63

For medication administration, the _____ route offers the fastest rate of absorption compared with IM and SQ routes.

Answer 63

IV

Question 64

The ____________ must be notified of all suspected terrorist attacks.

Answer 64

Department of Homeland Security

Question 65

Filoviruses, flaviviruses, and arena viruses can all be categorized as _________.

Answer 65

viral hemorrhagic fevers

Question 66

Absorbed ionizing radiation is expressed in units called _______.

Answer 66

rads

Question 67

______ particles do not generally pass through the skin.

Answer 67

Alpha

Question 68

_______ particles are smaller and faster than alpha particles and thus can travel farther.

Answer 68

Beta

Question 69

_______ rays are photons emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 69

Gamma

Question 70

One of the most common asphyxiates is ________, which carries the military designation AC.

Answer 70

Hydrogen cyanide

Question 71

The most toxic nerve agents in chemical warfare are _______.

Answer 71

nerve agents

Question 72

____ is the most common V-agent.

Answer 72

VX