Chapter 2

Question 1

______ is movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Answer 1

Ventilation

Question 2

_______ is the process of gas exchange.

Answer 2

Respiration

Question 3

The upper airway comprises all structures above the ________.

Answer 3

vocal cords

Question 4

The major function of the _______ are to warm, filter and humidify air as it enters the body.

Answer 4

upper airway

Question 5

The ______ is a muscle tube that extends from the nose and mouth to the level of the esophagus and trachea.

Answer 5

pharynx

Question 6

The ______ are the only source of VENTILATION for each lung.

Answer 6

bronchi

Question 7

The lobes are covered with a thin, slippery outer membrane called the ________.

Answer 7

visceral pleura

Question 8

________ occurs secondary to shallow breathing, infection, trauma, or inflammation, and can be reversed with a sigh or yawn.

Answer 8

Atelectasis

Question 9

The diaphragm is innervated by the _____ nerve.

Answer 9

phrenic

Question 10

Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the __________.

Answer 10

superior and inferior vena cavae

Question 11

The ______ returns to the venae cavae any excess fluid from the lower extremities and abdomen that is not collected by the veins.

Answer 11

Thoracic Duct

Question 12

______ is the chief waste product of metabolism.

Answer 12

CO2

Question 13

Anaerobic metabolism releases excessive acids as by-products, especially ______ and ________ acids.

Answer 13

lactic

carbonic

Question 14

The epithelium is made up of mucus-secreting ________ cells.

Answer 14

goblet

Question 15

__________ is secreted in body fluids and binds to pathogenic organisms, allowing white blood cells to recognize and destroy them.

Answer 15

immunoglobulin-A

Question 16

______ is a passive process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to molecules of an area of lower concentration.

Answer 16

Diffusion

Question 17

_____ moves naturally from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Answer 17

Gas

Question 18

The brain-or more specifically, the respiratory center in the _________ - controls breathing.

Answer 18

respiratory center

Question 19

The ________ which is sensitive to pH changes, stimulates the phrenic nerve, sending a signal to the diaphragm that causes a person to breath.

Answer 19

medulla oblongata

Question 20

Normal respiration is controlled by the ________ drive.

Answer 20

hypercarbic

Question 21

The backup system, the ______ drive, is much less sensitive and less powerful than the carbon dioxide sensors in the brainstem.

Answer 21

hypoxic

Question 22

A _______ is a substance that can absorb or donate hydrogen.

Answer 22

buffer

Question 23

The fastest way the body can get rid of excess acid is through the _______ system.

Answer 23

respiratory

Question 24

Sensors in the renal artery note hypoxia and then release _______, a hormone that stimulates the creation of red blood cells.

Answer 24

erythropoietin

Question 25

Patients who suffer from chronic bronchitis, for example, often have an elevated number of red blood cells, a condition called___________.

Answer 25

polycythemia

Question 26

The ________ is the main pacemaker for breathing and is responsible for initiating inspiration.

Answer 26

Doral Respiratory Group

Question 27

The _______ center, located in the superior portion of the pons, helps shut off the DRG, resulting in shorter, faster respirations.

Answer 27

pneumotaxic

Question 28

The _______ center, stimulates the DRG, resulting in longer, slower respirations.

Answer 28

apneustic

Question 29

An adult male has a total lung capacity of _____ mL.

Answer 29

6000

Question 30

The amount of air movement during rest is approximately _____mL.

Answer 30

500

Question 31

The typical BVM holds approximately _____ mL or air.

Answer 31

1000 - 2000

Question 32

the ______________ is perhaps the most important element of patient assessment.

Answer 32

History of Present Illness

Question 33

__________ reflex occurs when mild pressure on the patient's liver causes JVD.

Answer 33

hepatojugular

Question 34

Hepatojugular reflex is specific to __________.

Answer 34

right-sided heart failure

Question 35

Abnormal lung sounds, sometimes called _______ lung sounds, cane heard in any lung area.

Answer 35

Adventitious

Question 36

The auscultation of ______ on inspiration is associated with accumulated fluid in the alveoli.

Answer 36

Crackles (rales)

Question 37

Auscultation of _____ indicates accumulation of secretions in the larger airways.

Answer 37

rhonchi

Question 38

______ is a sound produced by inflammation or a large obstruction in the upper airway.

Answer 38

Stridor

Question 39

The _____ of the stethoscope is for high-pitched sounds; the _____ is for low-pitched sounds.

Answer 39

diaphragm bell

Question 40

Oxygen delivered by a nasal cannula can effectively provide _______% oxygen.

Answer 40

24 - 20

Question 41

Use of a face mask can increase the concentration of oxygen up to ____% when 15 LPM of O2 are given.

Answer 41

60

Question 42

the NRB adds an oxygen reservoir increasing the inspired oxygen to ____% at 15 LPM.

Answer 42

100

Question 43

____ reduces left ventricular preload and after load in patients with CHF.

Answer 43

CPAP

Question 44

The use of BiPap in Patients with COPD has shown to reduce the need for intubation by _____%.

Answer 44

59

Question 45

The inhalation of anything other than breathable gases is called _________.

Answer 45

aspiration

Question 46

The most common cause of upper airway obstruction in a semi-conscious or unconscious patient is the _______.

Answer 46

tongue

Question 47

When in invading substance enters the body, the _______ recognize it as potentially harmful and begin releasing chemical mediators.

Answer 47

mast cells

Question 48

_____, one of many primary chemical weapons, causes the blood vessels in the local area to dilate and the capillaries to leak.

Answer 48

Histamine

Question 49

______ which are even more powerful than Histamine, are rebased and cause additional dilation and leaking.

Answer 49

Leukotrienes

Question 50

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis are both infections of the posterior _________.

Answer 50

pharynx

Question 51

________ is a life-threatening infection that causes inflammation of the epiglottis and often supraglottic region.

Answer 51

Epiglottitis

Question 52

______ refers not to chest pain, but to a deep space infection of the anterior neck just below the mandible.

Answer 52

Ludwig's Angina

Question 53

________ is a sudden swelling, usually of a head or neck structure such as the lip, earlobes, tongue or uvula.

Answer 53

Angioedema

Question 54

______ is a common disease, prompting millions of ED visits a year and accounting for ________% of hospital admission.

Answer 54

20 - 30

Question 55

Lung infection that causes fluid to collect in the alveoli is referred to as __________.

Answer 55

pneumonia

Question 56

The cardinal signs of primary and secondary pneumothorax are ______ and _______.

Answer 56

chest pain | dyspnea

Question 57

_______ is a collection of fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the chest.

Answer 57

Pleural Effusion

Question 58

________ is the sudden blockage of an artery in the lung with a blood clot, an air bubble, a fatty plaque, or even a group of tumor cells.

Answer 58

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 59

A hallmark of ______ is that the cyanosis does not resolve with oxygen therapy.

Answer 59

pulmonary embolism

Question 60

________ is an ascending paralysis believed to represent an overzealous immune system response to a viral infection.

Answer 60

Guillain-Barre

Question 61

_______ is coughing up blood in the sputum.

Answer 61

Hemoptysis