Chapter 7

Question 1

________ are organs that manufacture and secret chemical substances.

Answer 1

Glands

Question 2

______ glands secrete chemicals to the outer surface of the body.

Answer 2

Exocrine

Question 3

________ secrete chemical hormones into the bloodstream.

Answer 3

Endocrine

Question 4

Increased levels of a hormone will _______ secretion.

Answer 4

inhibit

Question 5

Decreased levels of hormones will _________ secretion.

Answer 5

stimulate

Question 6

The _________ gland is often referred to as the master gland.

Answer 6

pituitary

Question 7

At the apex of each kidney is a triangular ______ gland about 1.5 inches tall and 3 inches long.

Answer 7

adrenal

Question 8

The _______, or body of each adrenal gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

_________ occurs when the body is stressed by a diabetic emergency, an adverse drug reaction, or some serious challenge.

Answer 9

Thyroid storm

Question 10

Graves’ disease, also known as _________, is the most common form of hyperthyroidism.

Answer 10

diffuse toxic goiter

Question 11

__________ is an endocrine dysfunction characterized by decreased or absent secretion of thyroid hormones.

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism

Question 12

When hypothyroidism becomes chronic and extreme, it may evolve into a life-threatening condition called _________.

Answer 12

myxedema coma

Question 13

__________ is responsible for keeping serum levels of sodium and potassium in balance.

Answer 13

Aldosterone

Question 14

The prehospital management of an acute exacerbation of Addison’s disease, known as a “_______________”, is limited to supportive care.

Answer 14

Addisonian crisis

Question 15

Hyperadrenalism, or _____________, is the clinical condition caused by long-standing exposure to excessive circulating serum levels of glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, as a result of overproduction in the adrenal cortex.

Answer 15

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 16

Patients with ____________ have a distinct appearance characterized by obesity, a moon face, and other cardinal features.

Answer 16

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 17

________ is the most common endocrine disorder.

Answer 17

Diabetes

Question 18

The classic clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus are referred to as the three P’s:

Answer 18

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

Question 19

_________, a frequent complication of diabetes, is the most common endocrine emergency.

Answer 19

Hypoglycemia

Question 20

___________ is characterized by a plasma glucose concentration >350 mg/dl.

Answer 20

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 21

Two body stems can compensate for pH imbalances:

Answer 21

renal

respiratory

Question 22

A pH below 7.35 constitutes __________.

Answer 22

acidosis

Question 23

A pH above 7.35 constitutes __________.

Answer 23

alkalosis

Question 24

Any disorders that result in hypoventilation (pulmonary problems, airway obstruction, illnesses that depress the respiratory drive) will cause _________.

Answer 24

respiratory acidosis

Question 25

An anion gap of ________ is considered normal.

Answer 25

12 - 15

Question 26

Acronym for high-anion gap metabolic acidosis:

Answer 26

CAT-MUDPILES

Question 27

Acronym for normal-anion gap metabolic acidosis:

Answer 27

FUSED-CARS

Question 28

Classically, the first change detected n the ECG of a patient with hyperkalemia is the development of _____________.

Answer 28

peaked T-waves

Question 29

___________ is the second most abundant intracellular bivalent cation in the human body.

Answer 29

Magnesium