Chapter 5 Flashcards
Any decrease in a person’s alertness, difficulty with cognition, or behavior that departs from what is normal for that person constitutes _____________.
altered mental status
The brain represents only ____% of body weight.
2
The __________, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, accounts for 98% of all neural tissues of the body.
Central Nervous System
______ is a transparent, slightly yellowish fluid that acts as a shock absorber for the brain.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
The innermost meninx, which attaches directly to the brain’s surface, is a delicate membrane called the _________.
pia mater
The meshlike vascular network of this meninx resembles a cobweb, so it is known as the __________ membrane.
arachnoid
The outermost meninx, which lines the cranial vault, contains arteries that supply the bones of the skull, and it is called the ___________.
dura mater
The _________ space is between the dura mater and the skull.
epidural
The _________ space is between the dura and the subarachnoid membranes.
subdural
The brain can be divided into four main regions:
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diencephalon
The __________ comprises the cortex and the sub cortex.
cerebrum
The left hemisphere, called the ______ brain is also responsible for reading, writing, math, and sequential and analytical tasks.
logical
the right hemisphere, known as the ______ brain, interprets sensory information and processes, and spatial awareness.
creative
The __________ coordinates movements, balance and posture.
cerebellum
The ______ contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus
diencephalon
The tiny _______ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
hypothalamus
The _____ controls basic physiologic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
medulla
The _________ is involved in regulation of vision, hearing and body movement.
midbrain
The ________ (meaning “bridge”) connects the cerebellum to the medulla and is also involved in posture and movement, as well as sleep.
pons
Surrounding the thalamus, are the structures of the primitive brain, known collectively as the _________ system.
limbic
_________ is an acute alteration in cognition characterized by waxing and waning impairment of awareness, orientation and cognition.
Delirium
________ is sometimes confused with delirium but represents a chronic loss of brain function, particularly short term memory function.
Dementia
_________, a transient loss of consciousness associated with decreased brain perfusion, has many possible causes.
Syncope
Patients who report alterations in _______ (spacial orientation of one’s own body) and balance are usually able to give a history of such experiences.
proprioception