Chapter 6 Flashcards
When stretched out, the small intestine is about _____ feet long, but in the body it is looped tightly within the relatively small abdominal cavity.
22
The duodenum is shortest in length, at just about a ______.
1
The ___________ receives the semifluid, partially digested stomach contents, or chyme, as well as exocrine secretions from the liver and pancreas.
duodenum
The ________ is about 8 feet long and is responsible for most of the chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients.
jejunum
The _______ is the final section of the small bowel and is the longest section at 13 feet.
ileum
The large intestine includes the ______, ________ and ________.
cecum
colon
rectum
The ________ performs more than 200 functions in the body.
liver
The _________ is the largest reservoir of blood in the body.
liver
The ___________’s function is to modify and store bile.
gallbladder
The _________ functions in digestion as an exocrine organ, secreting digestive enzymes, bicarbonate, electrolytes, and water.
pancreas
Food progresses through the GI tract by a process called ___________.
mastication
The _________ nerve plays a pivotal role in gastric emptying by affecting the motility of the GI tract by controlling the contraction and dilation of sphincters and smooth muscle.
vagus nerve
_________ is the process of breaking down food into components to be used for nutrition for the body at the cellular level.
Digestion
The _______ intestine is the primary site for absorption of fluid and nutrients.
small
The _________ intestine is the primary site of absorption of water and salts.
large
Fever, for example, indicates that an infection may be present; typically a temperature of _______ degrees or greater is considered significant.
100.3
_________ bowel sounds may signal gastroenteritis or early bowel obstruction.
Hyperactive
Pain when the pressure is released, call “____________” is a classic sign of peritoneal irritation.
rebound tenderness
________ disease affects about 5 million people in the United States and is the most common cause of GI bleeding, representing about 60% of cases.
Peptic Ulcer
The gastric mucosa secretes __________ and _________, the stomach is an acidic environment.
hydrochloric acid
pepsinogen
_________ in peptic ulcer disease can be severe.
Bleeding
________ occur when blood flow through the liver is restricted.
Varices
Patients who have bled from their varies have a ____% chance of bleeding again. If they bleed again, ____% of the cases results in death.
70
30
___________ syndrome is a special type of esophageal condition in which severe hemorrhaging can occur from longitudinal tears of the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction.
Mallory-Weiss
_____________ is a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus as a consequence of hyperemesis gravidarium, childbirth, violent coughing, seizures, weigh lifting, or explosive vomiting.
Boerhaave’s Syndrome
__________ is the most common disorder related to the pancreas, but pancreatitis is also common.
Diabetes
_______ sign, a blue discoloration around the umbilicus.
Cullen
________ sign, a blue discoloration around the flanks.
Grey Turner
__________, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a medical condition consisting of a partial paralysis of the stomach.
Gastroparesis
__________ has been named as the most common cause of gastroparesis.
Diabetes
__________ is the most common cause of extrauterine abdominal pain during pregnancy and should be suspected with GI complaints in pregnant women.
Appendicitis
___________ ischemia is caused by an occlusion of the mesenteric artery or vein.
Mesenteric
Gastric _________, a condition in which the stomach rotates more than 180 degrees.
volvulus
_______ occurs when a portion of the bowel telescope into an adjacent portion of the intestine.
Intussusception
Acute _________, the second leading cause of illness in the US, is characterized by watery diahrrea, nausea and vomiting, mild abdominal pain, and low-grade fever.
gastroenteritis
________ simply means an inflammation of the liver.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis _____ is typically spread from person to person through the fecal-oral route.
A
Hepatitis _____ is usually spread through the exposure to infected blood or by sexual activity.
B
Hepatitis ____ is commonplace in the US and is linked to blood transfusions.
C
________ is a chronic disorder that affects 10 - 15% of the US population.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Biliary tract disorders are a group of conditions that involve the inflammation of the ____________.
gallbladder
__________ syndrome is an extremely rare cardiovascular disease resulting from occlusion of the major hepatic veins or inferior vena cava.
Budd-Chiari
During the second half of pregnancy. about ____% of women have vaginal bleeding.
4
_________, the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, is responsible for about 30% of all cases of bleeding during the second half or pregnancy.
Placenta abruptio
HELLP syndrome
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver Enzymes
Low Platelet Count
_____ syndrome is considered by some authorities to be a severe and rare form of preeclampsia.
HELLP
Right upper quadrant pain, midepigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances are the chief symptoms or ___________.
preeclampsia
_________ occur in eclampsia.
seizures
The characteristic site of implantation in an ectopic pregnancy is the ____________.
fallopian tube
_______ is a bacterial infection of the kidneys.
Pyelonephritis
Acute renal failure has three phases:
oliguric
diuretic
recovery
_________ is a disease in which myoglobin released from damaged muscles obstructs the tubular portion of the nephrons, causing permanent damage if not caught early.
Rhabdomyolosis
_________ is the permanent loss of renal function.
Chronic Renal Failure
___________, or renal calculi, form as a result of metabolic abnormalities, primarily calcium building.
Kidney Stones
Diagnosing abdominal pain in patients over 50, the rate of accuracy is less than ______%.
50
A _______ is a temporary synthetic connection between an artery and a vein.
shunt
a _______ is a permanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein.
fistula
