Chapter 8 Flashcards
aging and immune function
- decreased __ activity
- thymic size is __ of its maximum size
- decreased production of specific ______
- decreased circulating _____ cells
- increased circulating immune _______
- increased circulating _______!!!!!!!
T-cell 15% antibodies memory B complexes AUTOantibodies
is the least concentrated of the immunoglobulin classes in the circulation
- acts as a _____ of many common _____ responses
- defends against ______
IgE
mediator
allergic
parasites
is expressed after exposure to a given substance and is specific (has ______)
involves specific receptions on _____ and the participation of ______ for its expressions
consists of:
_______ immunity: mediated by antibodies
________ immunity: mediated by lymphocytes
acquired immunity memory lymphocytes macrophages humoral cell-mediated
not well known
functions as one type of __ cell antigen receptor
IgD
B
fetal and neonatal immune function
newborns have a ___ developed immune response
-antibody function of the newborn is _____
-is capable of primary ______ response, but is unable to produce an __ challenge
immunity is provided by _____ antibodies
-_____ cells transport maternal _ across the placenta
newborn __ levels are near adult levels
poorly deficient IgM IgG maternal trophoblastic IgG
IgA secretory immune system: present in:
blood
saliva
breast milk
respiratory secretions
predominantly found in the blood and body secretions
(_____ and other secretions)
- has two subclasses
- IgA1 molecules: are predominantly in the _____
- IgA2 molecules: are predominantly in normal _____
- IgA in body secretions are ____ anchored by the _ chain and ____ piece
- the piece may function to protect IgAs against enzyme ______
-antibodies that are associated with _____ immune system, such as ______, function to prevent infections that focus on ____ surfaces of the body
IgA saliva blood body secretions dimers J secretory degradation mucosal immunoglobulins epithelial
______ immunity: __ cells and circulating _____ are the primary cells
-causes direct _____ of microorganism or the activation of inflammatory _______
-primarily protects against ______
and _____
_______: differentiates _ cells
-primarily protects against ____ and _____
these two work together to provide _____ and ______
-respond more rapidly and efficiently on subsequent exposure to the same antigen
humoral immunity B, antibodies inactivation mediators bacteria viruses cell-mediated immunity T cancer, viruses immunity, memory
function of an antibody
- binds to specific ______. this signals the other cells of the immune system to get rid of invading microbes
- the strength of binding between the antibody and antigen at a single binding site is known as the antibody’s _____ for the antigen
- the affinity between the antibody and the antigen binding site is determined by the type of ____ Formed
antigens
affinity
bond
secondary (______) immune response
is more ___ than the primary response
-___ amounts of antibody are produced
-rapidity is due to presence of ____ cells that do not have to _______
-__ is produced in similar quanitites to the primary response, but __ is produced in considerably great numbers
anamnestic rapid larger memory differentiate IgM IgG
the most abundant class (__ to __%)
-is transported across the _______
-accounts for most of the protective activity against infections
four classes:
IgG
80,85
placenta
IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and 4
is a special class of antibody that protect against large
_____
-is also the primary cause of _______
______: is the primary cell for ____ formation around the parasite
-causes _____ of the parasite
IgE parasitic worms allergies eosinophil granuloma degranulation
what is so unique about the immune system????
-unlike inflammation in ch 8 (idk???), which is nonspecifically activated by cellular ________ and pathogenic ________, the immune response is primarily designed to afford long term specific _______ (immunity) against particular invading _______; that is it has a ____ function. The other options are not unique characteristics of immune response
cellular damage microorganisms protection microorganisms memory
secondary _____ Response
antibodies are present in ____, _____, _____, ____ and _____
-______ immunoglobulins act locally
-major function
-is to halt viral and bacterial ___ before local or systemic disease develops; to prevent a ____ state
-___ is the dominant immunoglobulin
-small numbers of __ and __ are present
mucosal tears, sweat, saliva, mucus, and breast milk secretory invasion carrier IgA IgG and IgM
preformed antibodies or T lymphocytes are transferred from a ___ to a recipient
-occurs ____ or _______
is _____ lived
passive immunity - passive acquired immunity
donor
naturally, artificially
short
