Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA-S: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

meningitis

clinical manifestations
_________, ________

A

kernig sign

brudzinski sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

multiple sclerosis
______ and _______ of the central nervous system.
Various mechanisms cause irreversible tissue damage of the CNS (inflammation, _______ injury, demyelination, scarring or _____ formation, and ____ degeneration) that characterizes multiple sclerosis

MS is described as occurring when a ____ infectious insult to the CNS has occurred in a ______ susceptible individual with a subsequent abnormal immune response in the CNS

A 
demyelination, inflammation
oligodendrocyte
plaque
axonal
previous
genetically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
classic cerebral concussion
Grade IV
Physiologic and neurologic dysfunction without substantial anatomic disruption 
Loss of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (<6 hours)
\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ amnesia
Uncomplicated (no focal injury) 
Complicated (focal injury)
A

consciousness
anterograde
retrograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clinical manifestationsimmediately noted after a spinal cord injury

A complete loss of ____ function in all segments ____ the level of the lesion characterizes a spinal cord injury. Severe impairment below the level of the lesion is obvious; it includes ____ and _____ in muscles, absence of _____, loss of ____ and rectal control, transient ___in blood pressure, and poor _____circulation.

A 
reflex
below
paralysis
flaccidity
sensation
bladder
drop
venous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

abscess

Abscesses may occur in association with a contiguous spread of infection, such as the ______, _____cells, ____ cavity, and nasal _____

A

middle ear
mastoid
nasal
sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

demyelinating disorders

types
CNS: _______ is an autoimmune disorder diffusely involving the degeneration of CNS myelin and loss of axons

A

multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tick borne spirochete bacterial infection

A

lyme disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

neuromuscular junction disorders
myasthenia gravis

Chronic ____ disease
__ antibody produced against _______ receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

A

autoimmune
IgG
acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mild concussion
mild but traumatic brain injury
immediate but transitory effects

Temporary _____ disturbances, causing _____ and ______ deficits but no loss of consciousness in grades I and II
Grade I—_______, ________, and momentary _____, resolving within __ minutes
Grade II—Momentary _____ and retrograde _____
Grade III—Confusion with retrograde and ______amnesia upon and after impact; loss of consciousness for seconds or minutes

A 
axonal
attention
memory
confusion, disorientation, amnesia
15
confusion
amnesia
anterograde
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

faulty control of sweating

A spinal cord injury results in disturbed thermal control because the ______ is unable to regulate a damaged _______ nervous system.
This damage causes faulty control of _____ and ______ through capillary dilation.

A

hypothalamus
sympathetic
sweating
radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injuries DAIs

Focal brain injuries account for more than ____s of head injury deaths; DAIs accounts for less than _____

However, more severely disabled survivors, including those in an _______ state or reduced level of consciousness, have DAIs.

A

2/3
1/3
unresponsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

encephalitis

most common form: caused by ___________ (mosquito borne) and ________ virus

A

arthropodborne

herpes simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

___-___motor and sensory changes of the lateral ____ legs and __ of the feet

Clinical manifestations of posterolateral protrusions include radicular pain exacerbated by movement and straining (medial calf suggests __; lateral calf suggests ___ root compression).

A

L5-S1
legs, soles
L5
S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neurologic complications of AIDs

Opportunistic infections- Opportunistic infections may be bacterial, fungal, protozoal, or viral in origin and produce nervous system disease. ____________s an example of such an infection.

Parasitic infection
__________: Most common

A

cryptococcus neoformans

toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cerebrovacular accident

greatest risk factor

A

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Upper cervical cord after spinal cord injury

In the cervical region, spinal cord _____ may be life threatening because of the possibility of resulting impairment of the _____ function (phrenic nerves exit . _____).

A

swelling
diaphragm
c3-c5

17
Q

The most likely rationale for body temperature fluctuations after cervical spinal cord injury is

Spinal cord injuries result in disturbed thermal control because the _______ nervous system is damaged.

A

sympathetic nervous system

18
Q

spinal cord injury
Primary spinal cord injury (cont’d)
Most common locations are cervical (_____) and thoracic-lumbar (____) vertebrae.

A

1,2, 4-7

T1-L2

19
Q

lacunar stroke

_______ is smaller than 1 cm in diameter and involves the occlusion of the small ______ arteries.

Microinfarcts resulting in pure ___ or pure _____ deficits

Because of the _____ location and small area of infarction, these strokes may have pure motor and sensory deficits.

A

microinfarction
perforating
motor, sensory
subcortical

20
Q

cerebrovascular accident
depend on the ____ affected

contralateral weakness in ___, ____ and or _____

A

artery

arms, legs, face

21
Q

__________ is the most common and serious form of

CNS tuberculosis.

A

tubercular meningitis

22
Q

Symptoms of an embolic stroke in only the ___ anterior cerebral artery

Would include ___-sided contralateral _____ or ____ (greater in the foot and thigh) and mild upper extremity _____with mild contralateral lower extremity _____ deficiency with loss of vibratory and/or position sense and loss of two-point discrimination.

A 
right
left
paralysis
paresis
weakness
sensory
23
Q

parasitic infection

Toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection and occurs in approximately one third of individuals with ___

A

AIDs

24
Q

Diffuse Brain Injury
concussion

Classic concussion:
Transient cessation of respiration can occur with brief periods of _______, and a ______ in blood pressure occurs, lasting __ seconds or less. Vital signs stabilize within a few ______ to within normal limits.

A

bradycardia
decrease
30
seconds

25
Q

spinal cord injury
clinical manifestations

Loss of ____ control, causing the body to assume ___temperature

A

thermal

air

26
Q

embolic ischemic stroke

High-risk sources for the onset of embolic stroke are ______ (_% to _% of strokes), left ventricular _______ or thrombus, left ____ thrombus, recent ___, ______ valvular disease, mechanical prosthetic ____, nonbacterial thrombotic _____, ______ endocarditis, ___ foramen ovale, and primary _____ tumors.

A 
atrial fibrillation
15, 25
aneurysm
atrial
MI
rheumatic
valve
endocarditis
bacterial
patent
intracardiac
27
Q

older adults

Because of preexisting degenerative _____ disorders, older adults are particularly at risk for _____ trauma, resulting in serious spinal cord injury, especially from ____

A

vertebral
minor
falls

28
Q

migraine headache

Migraine is diagnosed when it is not attributable to any other disorder and when any two of the following features occur: _____ head pain, _____ pain, pain worsening with ____ moderate or severe pain intensity; and at least one of the following: nausea or _____, or both, or _____ and phonophobia

A 
unilateral
pulsating
activity
vomiting
photophobia
29
Q

guillan-barre syndrome

____, _____ inflammatory autoimmune disease causing demyelination of the _____ nerves or axonal disorder. GBS is considered to be an ______ disease triggered by a preceding bacterial or viral infection.

A

acute, acquired
peripheral
autoimmune

30
Q

headache sydromes

The cluster headache attack usually begins without warning and is characterized by severe, unilatera _____, _____ , periorbital, and retrobulbar or temporal pain lasting __ minutes to _hours

A

tearing, burning, periorbital

30, 2

PA-S: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions