Chapter 28 and 29

Question 1

facts about erthryocytes:
have ________ and reversible _______
-________: shape provides a surface area and volume ratio that are optimal for _____ and ______
-___________: enables the erthryocytes to assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze through the ______ and return to normal
have a life span of ____-_____ days

Answer 1

biconcavity and reversible deformity
gas diffusion, deformity
microcirculation
100 and 120

Question 2

anemia terms
etiologic factor (cause):
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 
-identified by terms that end in \_\_\_\_
-macrocytic, microcytic, normocytic
\_\_\_\_\_\_ content:
-identified by terms that end in \_\_\_\_\_\_
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(normal amount),  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(decreased amount)

Answer 2

size
cytic 
hemoglobin
chromic
normochromic, hypochromic

Question 3

red blood cells are present in various sizes

Answer 3

anisocytosis

Question 4

red blood cells are present in various shapes

Answer 4

poikilocytosis

Question 5

the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia is ______

Answer 5

hypoxia

Question 6

macrocytic-normochromic anemias
are also termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ anemias
-can alter the synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_ anemia
conditions that increase risk in clude
-after a subtotal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, for chronic \_\_\_\_\_ will have
pernicious anemia

Answer 6

megaloblastic 
DNA
pernicious anemia
megaloblastic
gastrectomy
gastritis

Question 7

vitamin __ deficiency causes pernicious anemia, the most ____ type of megaloblastic anemia
-the physical manifestations of this vitamin deficiency are a result of _________

Answer 7

b12
common
demylenation

Question 8

symptoms of pernicious anemia are:

• low _______, low ______, _______, ______
• ________ of the feet and fingers
• neurologic symtpoms from nerve _______ of the spinal cord

Answer 8

hemoglobin, hematocrit, weakness
paresthesias
demyelination

Question 9

treatment for pernicious anemia

• vitamin __ by _______-
• if left untreated, the condition that is fatal is _______
• _____ treatment required
• vitamin __ is measured by rising of the ______ count

Answer 9

b12, injections
heart failure
life-long
b12, reticulocyte

Question 10

macrocytic-normochromic
folate (folic acid) deficiency anemia
-_______: scales and fissures of the lips and corners of the mouth
-_______: mouth inflammation
- painful _______ of the ____ mucosa and _______: characteristic of ____ mouth syndrome
-_________(difficulty swallowing), ______, and watery _____
-neurologic symptoms: usually ________

Answer 10

cheilosis
stomatitis
ulcerations
buccal
tongue 
dysphagia
flatulence
diarrhea 
not seen

Question 11

microcytic-hypochromic anemias
iron-deficiency anemias
-most common type of anemia worldwide
-highest risk: older adults, women and infants and those living in poverty
associated with cognitive impairment in ______
causes:
most common cause is _______ and chronic _______
others are:
-inadequate ________
-excessive _____
-chronic _______ infestations
-metabolic or functional iron deficiency
-________ (excessive bleeding during menstruation)

Answer 11

children
pregnancy, blood loss
dietary intake
blood loss
parasite
menorrhagia

Question 12

iron-deficiency anemia
clinical manifestations
-_____, ______, _______(_____)
-brittle, thin, coarsely ridged and ____ shaped (concave or ______) nails

Answer 12

fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath(dyspnea)
spoon
koilonychia

Question 13

microcytic-hypochromic anemias
-\_\_\_\_\_\_
-\_\_\_\_\_ vs \_\_\_\_\_
clinical manifestations
-mild-moderate symptoms
-enlarged \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) and \_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_\_)
-\_\_\_\_ color skin and cardiac \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 13

sideroblastic anemia
spleen (splenomegaly) and liver (hepatomegaly)
bronze
dysrythmias

Question 14

normocytic-normochromic anemias
the most common pathophysiologic process that triggers _______ auto immune disease against ______ by activated ______ cells

Answer 14

aplastic anemia
hematopoiesis
cytotoxic T cells

Question 15

normocytic-normochromic anemias
-most aplastic anemias are _____ disorders;
SOME are due to ______ (____, _____, ____)
those drugs are:

pathophysiology:
hypocellular bone marrow that has been replaced with fat. there is a suppression of ____ to produce adequate amounts of ______, _____, and _____-all 3 cell lines are down

Answer 15

autoimmune
chemical exposure
benzene arsenic drugs
chloramphenicol (chloromycetin)
phenytoin (Dilantin)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

bone marrow
erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Question 16

myeloproliferative RBC disorders

the primary symptoms of polycythemia vera increase in _________

treatment:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: withdrawal of \_\_\_ to \_\_\_ ml of blood at a time to reduce \_\_\_\_\_\_ and blood \_\_\_\_\_
-low dose \_\_\_\_\_
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 16

blood viscosity 
therapeutic phlebotomy
300, 500, erythrocytosis, volume
aspirin
interferon-a
hydroxyurea
radioactive phosphorus