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PMBOK 6th Edition > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Is continuous process improvement activities supported by project quality management?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Describe project quality management.

A

The processes for incorporating the organizations quality policy regarding planning, managing, and controlling project and product quality requirements in order to meet stakeholders objectives.

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3
Q

What are the project quality management processes?

A

Plan quality management
Manage quality
Control quality

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4
Q

The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards

A

Plan quality management

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5
Q

The process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organizations quality polices into the project

A

Manage quality

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6
Q

The process of monitoring and recording the results of executing the quality management activities to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations.

A

Control quality

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7
Q

This project quality process is concerned with the quality the work needs to have.

A

Plan quality management process

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8
Q

In this quality process, quality requirements are turned into test and evaluation instruments.

A

Manage quality process

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9
Q

In this quality process work results are compared with the quality requirements to ensure the results are acceptable.

A

Control quality

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10
Q

What is quality?

What is grade?

A

Quality-(delivered performance or result) the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements

Grade-(a design intent) a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics

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11
Q

Which one means it has a lot of features ? High grade or high quality?

A

High grade

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12
Q

Which one means it has a lot of defects? Low grade or low quality ?

A

Low quality

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13
Q

Is it better to prevent or inspect?

A

Prevent

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14
Q

Describe prevention.

A

Keeping errors out of the process.

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15
Q

Describe inspection.

A

Keeping errors out of the hands of the customer.

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16
Q

Describe attribute sampling vs. variable sampling.

A

Attribute sampling: the result either conforms or does not conform

Variable sampling:the result is rated on a continuous scale that measured the degree of conformity

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17
Q

What do you call a specified range of acceptable results.

A

Tolerances

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18
Q

These identify the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance

A

Control limits

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19
Q

What are the two categories for failure costs?

A

Internal (found by the project team)

External (found by the customer)

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20
Q

What’s another name for failure cost?

A

Cost of poor quality

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21
Q

Who often makes decisions about the COQ (cost of quality)?

A

Program management, portfolio management, the PMO or operations

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22
Q

What are the five levels of increasingly effective quality management?

A
  • Let the customers find the defects
  • Detect and correct the defects before the deliverables are sent to the customer as a part of the quality control process
  • use quality assurance to examine and correct the process itself and not just special defects
  • incorporate quality into the planning and designing of the project and product
  • create a culture throughout the org that is aware and committed to quality in process and products
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23
Q

What are the trends and emerging practices in project quality management?

A

Customer satisfaction
Continual improvement
Management responsibility
Mutually beneficial partnership with suppliers

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24
Q

This is when you understand, evaluate, define, and manage requirements so that customer expectations are met.

A

Customer satisfaction

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25
Q

What is the basis for quality improvement as defined by Stewart and modified by Deming?

A

Plan-do-check act (PDCA)

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26
Q

What are some quality improvement initiatives that may improve both the quality of project management as well as the quality of the end product, service or result.

A

TQM (Total Quality Management)
Six Sigma
Lean Six Sigma

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27
Q

Describe a what a mutually beneficial relationship with a supplier might look like for an org.

A

Having a long term relationship vs a short term relationship
Having joint responses to customer needs and expectations
Optimizing cost and resources

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28
Q

What are some tailoring considerations for project quality management?

A

Policy compliance and auditing
Standards and regulatory compliance
Continuous improvement
Stakeholder engagement

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29
Q

How does quality management steps for an agile method different?

A

There are frequent quality and review steps built in throughout the project rather than toward the end
They focus on small batches of work allowing them to find inconsistencies and quality issues earlier

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30
Q

The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards.

A

Plan quality management

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31
Q

What is the key benefit of the plan quality management process?

A

It provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and verified throughout the project

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32
Q

True or false, quality planning should be performed in parallel with other planning processes?

A

True

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33
Q

What does the requirements management plan have to do with quality?

A

It provides the approach for identifying, analyzing, and managing the requirements that the quality management plan and quality metrics will reference

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34
Q

What project management plan component works works with the quality management plan to successfully deliver product and project success?

A

Risk management plan

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35
Q

What project management plan component provides the foundation for quality management?

A

The stakeholder engagement plan

The stakeholder engagement plan provides the method for documenting the stakeholders needs and expectations

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36
Q

What statement provides the acceptance criteria for the deliverables?

A

The scope statement

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37
Q

Satisfying all acceptance criteria implies what about the stakeholders?

A

The needs of the stakeholders have been met.

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38
Q

How does the requirements traceability matrix attribute to quality?

A

It links product requirements to deliverables and helps to ensure each requirement in the requirements documentation is tested. It provides an overview of the tests required to verify the requirements.

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39
Q

This helps to identify stakeholders who have a particular interest in or impact on quality

A

Stakeholder register

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40
Q

What data gathering techniques can be used for the plan quality management process?

A

Benchmarking
Brainstorming
Interviews

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41
Q

What are some data analysis techniques that can be used for the plan quality management process?

A

Cost-benefit analysis

Cost of quality

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42
Q

A financial analysis tool used to estimate the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives in order to determine the best alternative in terms of benefits provided.

A

Cost-benefit analysis

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43
Q

What tool can help the project manager determine if the planned quality activities are cost effective?

A

Cost-benefit analysis

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44
Q

What are the primary benefits of meeting quality requirements?

A 
Less rework
Higher productivity 
Lower costs
Increased stakeholder satisfaction 
Increased profitability
45
Q

What does a cost-benefit analysis for each quality activity compare?

A

The cost of quality step to the expected benefit

46
Q

What cost can be a part of the cost of quality (COQ) ?

A

Prevention costs
Appraisal costs
Failure costs

47
Q

Costs related to the prevention of poor quality in the products, deliverables, or services of the specific project

A

Prevention costs

48
Q

Cost related to evaluating, measuring, auditing, and testing the products, deliverables, or services of the specific project.

A

Appraisal costs

49
Q

Cost related to the nonconformance of the products, deliverables, or services to the needs or expectations of the stakeholders.

A

Failure costs (internal/external)

50
Q

Describe optimal COQ

A

It is the appropriate balance of investment in prevention and appraisal to avoid failure costs

Sometimes more prevention/appraisal costs is not always beneficial or cost effective.

51
Q

What decision making technique is used for the plan quality process?

A

Multi criteria decision analysis tools I.e. a (prioritization matrix)

52
Q

Describe how multi criteria decision analysis works.

A

Criteria are prioritized and weighted before being applied to all available alternatives to obtain a mathematical score for each alternative. The alternatives are then ranked by score.

53
Q

What’s SIPOC stand for ?

A

Suppliers, inputs, process, outputs and customers

54
Q

What’s another name for flow charts?

A

Process maps , process flows or process flow diagram

55
Q

What do you call a visual representation of an organizations data described in business language and independent of any specific technology.

A

Logical data model.

56
Q

What model can be used to identify where data integrity or other quality issues can arise ?

A

Logical data model

57
Q

This type of diagram helps to find the strength of relationships among different factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix.

A

Matrix diagrams

58
Q

This data representation technique might help in the rapid gathering of project quality requirements, constraints, dependencies and relationships.

A

Mind mapping

59
Q

Describe what mind mapping might look like for quality planning?

A

A single quality concept drawn as an image in the center of a blank landscape page,to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words, and parts of words are added.

60
Q

When should the quality management plan be reviewed?

A

Early in the project to ensure that decisions are based on accurate information

61
Q

A component of the project management plan that describes how applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve the quality objectives.

A

Quality management plan

62
Q

What’s the benefit of the quality management plan review.

A

A sharper focus on the projects value proposition
Reduction in costs
Less frequent schedule overrruns caused by rework

63
Q

This specifically describes a project or product attribute and how the control quality process will verify compliance to it.

A

A quality metric

64
Q

What project management plan components may be updated as a result of the plan quality management process?

A

Risk management plan

Scope baseline

65
Q

The process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organizations quality policies into the project.

A

Manage quality

66
Q

What is the key benefit of the manage quality process?

A

It increases the probability of meeting the quality objectives as well as identifying ineffective processes and cause of poor quality.

67
Q

From what process does the manage quality process gather data and results from to reflect the overall quality status of the project to stakeholders.

A

Control quality process

68
Q

What does manage quality sometimes get called?

A

Quality assurance

However manage quality has a broader definition as it is used in nonproject work.

69
Q

Describe quality assurance.

A

It is about using project processes effectively. It involves following and meeting standards to assure stakeholders that the final product will meet their needs, expectations, and requirements.

70
Q

Describe what manage quality includes.

A

All the quality assurance activities, product design aspects and process improvements.

71
Q

In the cost of quality framework where does manage quality work fall?

A

Under the conformance work category.

72
Q

What is usually considered the work of everyone?

A

Manage quality

73
Q

How does the manage quality process use quality metrics?

A

As a basis for the development of test scenarios for the project and its deliverables and as a basis for improvement initiatives.

74
Q

What data gathering technique might be used for the manage quality process?

A

Checklists

75
Q

What should a quality checklists incorporate?

A

The acceptance criteria included in the scope baseline.

76
Q

A structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed or to check if a list of requirements has been satisfied.

A

A checklists

77
Q

What are some data analysis techniques for the manage quality process?

A

alternative analysis
Document analysis
Process analysis
Root cause analysis (RCA)

78
Q

What can document analysis do?

A

Point to and focus on processes that may be out of control and may jeopardize meeting the specified requirements or stakeholders expectations.

79
Q

What happens when all root causes for a problem are removed?

A

The problem does not recur.

80
Q

Choosing among different implementation scenarios or suppliers is what type of decision? Project or product?

A

Project

81
Q

Evaluating life cycle cost, schedule, stakeholder satisfaction, and risks associated with resolving product defects is what type of decision? Project or product?

A

Product

82
Q

What area some data representation techniques for the manage quality process?

A 
Affinity diagrams
 Cause and effect diagrams
Flowcharts 
Histograms 
Matrix diagrams 
Scatter diagrams
83
Q

This type of diagram organizes potential causes of defects into groups showing areas that should be focused on the most.

A

Affinity diagrams

84
Q

What are some other names for cause and effect diagrams?

A

Fishbone diagrams, why-why diagrams, or Ishikawa diagrams.

85
Q

This type of chart shows a series of steps that lead to a defect.

A

Flowcharts

86
Q

This type of diagram can demonstrate a relationship between any element of a process, environment, or activity on one axis and a quality defect on the other axis.

A

Scatter diagrams

87
Q

A structured, independent process used to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.

A

An audit

88
Q

What is DfX

A

Design for X

89
Q

A set of technical guidelines that may be applied during the design of a product for the optimization of a specific aspect of design.

A

Design for X (DfX)

90
Q

The X in DfX be different aspects of product development such as..?

A

Reliability, deployment , assembly, manufacturing, cost, service, usability, safety, and quality.

91
Q

This entails finding solutions for issues or challenges.

A

Problem solving

92
Q

Quality reports can be …

A

Graphical, numerical or qualitative.

93
Q

The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality management activities in order to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations.

A

Control quality

94
Q

What process determines if the project outputs do what they were intended to do.

A

Control quality

95
Q

What is they key benefit of the control quality process?

A

Verifying that project deliverables and work meet the requirements specified by key stakeholders for final acceptance.

96
Q

This process is used to measure the completeness , compliance and fitness for use of a product or service prior to user acceptance and final delivery.

A

Control quality process

97
Q

When should quality control be performed?

A

Throughout the project

98
Q

Who does the control quality activities in agile projects and when do they do them?

A

All team members , throughout the project life cycle

99
Q

In waterfall model-based projects who sows the quality control activities and when.

A

Specified team members/ at specific times, toward the end of the project or phase

100
Q

A change log update indicates?

A

Some changes are approved and some are not

101
Q

What are some data gathering techniques that can be used for the control quality process?

A

Checklists
Check sheets
Statistical sampling
Questionnaires and surveys

102
Q

Describe check sheets.

A

Also known as tally sheets. They can help gather attributes data while performing inspections to identify defects.

103
Q

This involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection. Samples are taken to measure controls and verify quality.

A

Statistical sampling

104
Q

What data analysis techniques are used in the control quality process?

A

Performance reviews

Root cause analysis (RCA)

105
Q

What data representation techniques might be used in the control quality process?

A

Cause and effect diagrams
Control charts
Histograms
Scatter diagrams

106
Q

What chart is used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance. Upper and lover specification limits are based on the requirements and reflect the maximum and minimum values allowed.

A

Control charts

107
Q

What type of meetings may be held in the control quality process?

A

Approved change requests review

Retrospectives/lesson learned

108
Q

What are the documented results of the control quality activities called?

A

Quality control measurements

109
Q

What usually hating a deliverable that does not meet the quality requirements?

A

It is documented as an issue on the issue log.

PMBOK 6th Edition (13 decks)

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